青蒿琥酯对家兔预防血吸虫病优化方案的探讨

目的为现场应用青蒿琥酯预防日本血吸虫病制定最佳服药方案提供实验依据。方法设22个试验组按不同给药方案喂服青蒿琥酯，比较各组的减虫率、减雌虫率和治愈率。从而得出最佳的给药方案。结果各种方案以感染后第7天首服青蒿琥酯，剂量为16mg／kg，每周1次，连服4次（反复感染组需连服5次）的给药方案效果最好。减虫率为99．5％（反复感染组为97．0％）。每15d服1次，连服4次（反复感染组需服5次）的给药方案也可行，减虫率达81．4％（反复感染组为79．4％）。为加强10d间隔的2d疗法的效果，我们在末次给药的次日，再加服1次。可明显增强效果，减虫率可由31．1％提高到89．5％。剂量以16mg／kg（相当于临床6mg／kg）为宜，加大剂量并不能增加疗效。同样剂量和疗法对不同感染度的家兔减虫率无明显差异。结论感染第7天开始首服，每周1次，连服4～5次的疗法效果最好。本疗法适宜于重感染度血吸虫病流行区中、短期（2个月之内）接触疫水的人群使用。感染后第15天首服，每15d服1次，连服4～5次的疗法，由于副反应极轻，服用方便，价格经济，故适用于长期接触疫水的人群现场使用。服药剂量以16mg／kg为宜。

DISCUSSION ON THE OPTIMAL SCHEME OF ARTESUNATE ON PREVENTION OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN RABBITS

Objective To probe the optimal scheme of artesunate on preventing schistosomiasis japonica in rabbites. Methods Rabbits in 22 groups were orally administered with artesunate at 22 different dosage-course schemes respectively. The worm reduction rates,female reduction rates and cure rates between different schemes (groups) were compared. Results The worm reduction rate was 99. 5% in scheme 5. In this group rabbits were administered with artesunate 16 mg/kg at the first dose on 7th day after infection,and afterward 3 doses with 1 week interval were given. This is also the best scheme. The worm reduction rate was 81. 4% in the scheme 14. In this group rabbits were administered with artesunate 16 mg/kg every 15 days for 4 times. The worm reduction rate was 89. 5% in scheme 3. In this group,rabbits were administered with artesunate 16 mg/kg at the first dose on 10th day after infection, and with 10 days interval followed by two consecutive doses in two days. A dose of 16 mg/kg is the suitable dose. The efficacy could not be raised by increasing the dose,and there were no significant differences between rabbits with different intensity of infec-tion if the rabbits were treated with the same dose and same course of the drug. Conclusion It is the best way to use scheme 5 in those persons who contacted with the contaminated water in a short or moderate period (within 2 months) in heavy schistosomiasis endemic areas. Scheme 14 is suitable to use in persons who contacted with the contaminated water for a long period,because this scheme is easy to use,cheap and mild side-effect were seen.