毒鼠强在家兔体内的代谢动力学研究

目的　探讨毒鼠强在家兔体内的毒物代谢动力学特点及活性炭经口灌胃后对毒鼠强代谢动力学的影响。方法　代谢动力学研究分为静脉染毒组、经口灌胃染毒组和排泄组,每组 4只家兔,静脉染毒组、经口灌胃染毒组家兔染毒后从耳中央动脉定点采血,排泄组家兔在留置胆道和尿道插管后染毒,定时留取胆汁和尿液;活性炭对毒鼠强代谢动力学的影响研究分为对照组与活性炭组,每组 6只家兔,经口灌胃染毒后,活性炭组家兔给予活性炭悬浊液灌胃,对照组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃,从耳中央动脉定点采血。所有样品使用气相色谱氮磷检测器法定量测定,并用 3p87软件对数据进行代谢动力学分析。结果　毒鼠强在家兔体内的排泄速度缓慢,静脉染毒组的排泄半衰期为56 9h,总清除率为 24 .1ml·kg-1·h-1,经口染毒组的排泄半衰期为 262 .5h,总清除率为 15. 4ml·kg-1·h-1。毒鼠强主要从尿液排出,其排泄量是胆汁的 5倍以上。给予活性炭灌胃后,毒鼠强代谢动力学各项参数与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义,活性炭组的排泄半衰期相当于对照组的55%,总清除率则提高了 3倍以上,曲线下面积只有对照组的 30%。结论　毒鼠强是排泄速率缓慢的毒物,经尿液排泄的毒物量明显大于胆汁,经口给予活性炭灌胃可以加快其从体内排泄。

Toxicokinetics of tetramethylene disulphotetramine

OBJECTIVE: To explore toxicokinetics of tetramethylene disulphotetramine (TETS) in rabbit and the effects on toxicokinetics of TETS after activated charcoal by gavage. METHODS: Eight rabbits were exposed through gavage and vein respectively, the blood samples were collected from the center artery in ear of rabbit at an arranged time. Four rabbits were exposed after being intubated into urethra and common bile duct. The samples of bile and urine were collected at arranged times. After being exposed by gavage, activated charcoal (1 g/kg) was administrated in the activated charcoal group and the distilled water (1 g/kg) administrated to the controls. The samples of blood were collected from the center artery in ear of rabbit at arranged times. The contents of TETS in samples were determined by GC/NPD method. Analysed by the 3p87 soft, toxicokinetics parameters of TETS were acquired. RESULTS: TETS was eliminated very slowly in rabbit. The plasma half time in elimination phase (Tke1/2) of TETS was 56.9 hours in vein exposure group and 262.5 hours in oral exposure group respectively. The plasma clearance (CL) of it was only 15.4 ml.kg(-1).h(-1) in oral exposure group and 24.1 ml.kg(-1).h(-1) in vein exposure group. TETS was eliminated from urine in rabbit. The eliminated amount of it from urine was more 5 times than from bile. All parameters of toxicokinetics of TETS were significantly different between the activated charcoal group and the control. Compared to the control, Tke1/2 of TETS in the activated charcoal group was equal to 55%, CL was increased over 3-fold, area under the curve was equal to 30%. CONCLUSION: TETS was a poison eliminated very slowly in body. The eliminated amount of it from urine was more than from bile. The excretion of TETS could be quickened after activated charcoal by gavage.