海南省2005年霍乱流行病学调查

目的 分析2005年海南省的霍乱流行特征及流行因素，为今后制定预防控制措施提供现场科学依据。方法采用统一的霍乱流行病学调查表开展现场调查，用EXCEL统计软件对调查结果进行统计分析。结果2005年7-9月全省共报告霍乱确诊病例45例，带菌7名，发病率为0．56／10万；病例分布在6个市（县），以海口市和定安县为主，分别占总发病数的60.0％和26．7％；流行高峰期在9月中旬，报告病例30例，占全部病例数的66．7％；男女性别比为1：1．1，以20～49岁人群为主，占53，3％，农民与商业服务人员为主要发病人群，分别占全部病例数的25．0％和20.5％；所有病例均经食物传播，80．0％的病例在病前5d内有海产品进食史。流行菌型以稻叶1d型为主，占96.2％；流行形式有散发和爆发，其中爆发三起，报告病例35例，占全部病例数的79．5％。结论聚餐爆发是海南省2005年霍乱的主要流行形式．经食物传播是唯一的传播途径，海产品是主要的危险因素。

Epidemiological survey of cholera in Hainan Province in 2005

Objective To analyze the prevalent features of cholera in Hainan Province in 2005 and offer scientific basis for making control measures. Methods The field questionaire survey of cholera was carried out and the results were statistically analyzed using Excel. Results There 45 cholera cases were reported July to September in 2005 in thse whole province with an incidence of 0.56 per 100 000;All the cases were distributed in six cities(counties) and most of the cases were reported in Haikou City and Dingan County account for 60.0% and 26.7%.The prevalent peak was in the mid ten days of September and 30 cases were reported in this period,accounted for 66.7% of the total cases.The ratios of male to female was 1:1.1,mainly concentrated in the age group of from 20 to 49 years accounted for 53.3%.25.0% of the cases were farmers and 20.5% of them engaged in commercial service.All the infections were acquired through food-borne transmission and 80.0% of the cases had history of eating seafood five days before onset.The main pathogen was 1d type of Inaba accounted for 96.2 %.There were sporadic infections and outbreaks and 35 cases were reported during the three outbreaks accounted for 79.5% of the total cases. Conclusion The prevalence of cholera in Hainan in 2005 occur mainly during the dining together parties through food-borne transmission and the principal risk factor is eating seafood.