新鲜羊膜、冻干羊膜、羊膜细胞外基质的形态研究

目的：从组织形态学角度观察、比较新鲜羊膜(Fresh amniotic membrane，FSAM)、冻干羊膜(Frozen amniotic membrane，FZAM)、羊膜细胞外基质(Amniotic extracellular matrix,AECM)的结构特点。方法：采用目前国际公认的羊膜制备与保存方法，制备FSAM、FZAM、AECM，分别经HE、PAS组织染色、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜检查，观察并比较它们的形态与结构特点。结果：FSAM、FZAM在光镜和电镜下均与正常球结膜组织结构相近。两者形态上的主要差别表现在上皮细胞的结构变化上。而AECM结构较为独特，无细胞结构，其主要成分为胶原纤维、网状纤维和基质。结论：从组织结构特点分析，FSAM、FZAM、AECM是目前较为理想的结膜替代材料并可有效地用于角、结膜表面重建；同时，AECM作为一种极为特殊的细胞外基质，有重要的研究与应用价值。

Comparisons on morphology among fresh and frozen amniotic membranes as well as amniotic extracellular matrix

Objective:To compare the structural characteristics of fresh amniotic membrane(FSAM),frozen amniotic membrane(FZAM) and amniotic extracellular membrane(AECM) on morphology. Methods:All the pieces of FSAM,FZAM and AECM were photographed and examined by HE and PAS stains under light microscope(LM),transmission electron microscope(TEM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results:Both FSAM and FZAM were similar to conjunctival tissues under the LM,TEM and SEM.The major difference between FSAM and FZAM was structural changes in epithelial layer.But AECM was special,with cell-less characteristics and mainly was collagen fibers,reticular fibers and ground substance. Conclusions:FSAM,FZAM and AECM are ideal conjunctival succedaneum in the plastic surgery of conjunctiva,and could be used as a graft to reconstruct ocular surface.AECM,as a sort of special ECM,has expansive application in the future.