814例绝经后女性初潮年龄、绝经年龄及月经维持年限与骨质疏松症相关性研究

目的调查了解广州市社区绝经后妇女的生理因素对骨质疏松症的患病率及骨密度(BMD)的影响,为围绝经期女性骨质疏松的预防提供进一步证据。方法采用现场问卷调查了解受试者的基本资料,美国双能X线骨密度仪测量1199例绝经后女性的腰椎正位和左髋部骨密度,以年龄分组进行分析。结果共纳入的814名绝经后妇女当中,腰椎发生骨质疏松症300例,发生率36.9%;髋部发生骨质疏松的312例,发生率38.3%。绝经年限10年内的妇女中,初潮年龄较晚的骨密度越低,发生骨质疏松的风险越高; 55～65岁的绝经后妇女中,绝经年龄较早的骨密度越低,骨质疏松发生的风险越高;月经维持的年限越短,骨密度越低,发生骨质疏松的风险越高。结论广州市社区中绝经后妇女的骨质疏松患病率较高,初潮年龄较晚、绝经年龄较早或月经维持年限较短的妇女骨质疏松的发病率明显升高,建议早筛查、早诊断、早治疗。髋部BMD值是评价骨质疏松症较为敏感的指标,应该首选髋部作为骨密度测量的部位。

Study on the correlation between age of menarche, age of menopause, age of menstrual maintenance and osteoporosis in 814 postmenopausal women

Objective To investigate the effect of physiological factors on the prevalence of osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women in Guangzhou communities, and to provide further evidence for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Methods Basic data (including general information, menstrual history, fertility history, previous history, surgical history, etc.) of the subjects were investigated with field questionnaire. BMD of the lumbar spine and left hip of 1199 postmenopausal women were measured using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (United States). Results Among the 814 postmenopausal women, 300 cases (36.9%) had osteoporosis in the lumbar spine. The incidence of hip osteoporosis was 38.3% in 312 cases. Among women who had been menopausal for 10 years, the lower the BMD at the later age of menarche, the higher the risk of osteoporosis. Among postmenopausal women aged 55-65, the lower the BMD at the early age of menopause, the higher the risk of osteoporosis. The shorter the duration of menstruation, the lower the BMD and the higher the risk of osteoporosis. Conclusion The prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in postmenopausal women in Guangzhou communities. The incidence of osteoporosis significantly increased in women with late menarche, early menopause, and the age of menstruation. Therefore, early screening, diagnosis, and treatment are recommended. BMD value of the hip is sensitive in the assessment of osteoporosis. BMD measurement of the hip should be the first choice of measurement site.