市售乌梢蛇及其常见混淆品的鳞片微形态鉴别研究

目的 通过对乌梢蛇的头部及体部鳞片的微形态鉴别，将乌梢蛇与其常见的混淆品进行区分，为乌梢蛇药材和饮片的鉴别提供依据。方法 用VHX-6000数码成像显微镜对乌梢蛇及其混淆品的头部鳞片进行3D观察，采用景深合成技术与大图拼接技术相结合，拍摄高清特征图。用光学显微镜对体部鳞片的端窝、薄膜囊、乳头突以及纵直纹理进行观察，并通过成像系统拍摄其特征图。最后通过DNA条形码技术对以上结果进行验证，保证微形态鉴别的准确性和可靠性。结果 市场上乌梢蛇品种混乱，主要有以下几种伪品：滑鼠蛇、灰鼠蛇、Cerberus rynchops（Colubridae）、王锦蛇、黑眉锦蛇等，与之前报道的伪品有所不同。结论 通过微形态鉴别能够很好区分乌梢蛇及其混淆品药材和饮片，并且鉴别特征稳定不易发生变化。

Identification of Scale Micromorphology of Zaocys Dhumnades(Cantor) and Its Common Adulterants on the Market

Objective: By identifying the scales of the head and body of Zaocys dhumnades(Cantor), the common confusions of Zaocys dhumnades(Cantor) were distinguished to provide the basis for the identification of medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Zaocys dhumnades(Cantor). Methods: The scales of the head of Zaocys dhumnades(Cantor) and its adulterants were observed in 3-D with VHX-6000 digital imaging microscope, and the high-definition feature map was taken by combining depth-of-field synthesis technology with large-scale image stitching technology. The end fossa, thin film sac, papillary process and vertical texture of body scales were observed by optical microscope, and the characteristic images were taken by imaging system. Finally, the above results are verified by DNA barcode technology to ensure the accuracy and reliability of micro-morphological identification. Results: The variety of Zaocys dhumnades(Cantor) on the market is chaotic, mainly including the following fake products: Ptyas mucosa (Linnaeus), Ptyas korros (Schlegel), Cerberus Rynchops (Colubridae), Elaphe Carinata(Cunther.), Orthriophis taeniurus Cope and so on, which are different from the fake products previously reported. Conclusion: Through micro-morphological identification, the medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Zaocys dhumnades(Cantor) and its adulterants can be well distinguished, and the identification characteristics are stable and not easy to change.