国槐不同组织器官中多成分分析及抗氧化活性研

目的 通过对国槐Sophora japonica不同组织器官进行综合评价，为其资源合理利用提供依据。方法 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）法、比色法检测样品中芦丁、水仙苷、槲皮素、异鼠李素、重金属含量以及Fe³⁺还原能力、DPPH自由基（DPPH·）、ABTS自由基（ABTS^·+）清除能力和总抗氧化能力（FRAP）。运用SPSS 20.0软件对结果进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果 国槐不同组织器官中4种黄酮类成分总含量为花蕾 > 花 > 花轴 > 叶 > 枝条；抗氧化能力依次为花蕾 > 花 > 花轴 > 叶 > 枝条，与黄酮类成分总量呈正相关。花和花蕾中5种重金属含量均符合《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》，部分叶、花轴和枝条中Cd超标。聚类分析将花和花蕾聚为一类，花轴、叶和枝条聚为另一类；主成分分析将8个变量提取为2个主成分（PC1和PC2），不同组织器官间PC1值有明显差异，不同批次间表现在PC2值上有差异。结论 国槐花及花蕾中重金属含量低，黄酮类成分含量高，抗氧化活性强，品质优良；花轴及叶也含有较高的黄酮类成分及较强的抗氧化能力，具有进一步开发利用的价值。

Multi-component and antioxidant activities analysis in different parts of Sophora japonica

Objective To provide a basis for the rational use of Sophora japonica resources through comprehensive evaluation of different tissues and organs. Methods The contents of rutin, narcissin, quercetin, isorhamnetin and heavy metals in the samples were detected by HPLC and ICP-OES. The Fe³⁺ reducing ability, DPPH free radical (DPPH·), ABTS free radical (ABTS^·+) scavenging ability and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were detected by colorimetry. Then, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted by software of SPSS 20.0. Results The total contents of four flavonoids in different tissues and organs of S. japonica were arranged as follows:flower buds > flowers > flower axis > leaves > branches. The order of antioxidant capacities was as follows:flower buds > flowers > flower axis > leaves > branches, which were positively correlated with the total contents of four flavonoids. The contents of five heavy metal elements in flowers and flower buds were within the limitation of the Green standards of medicinal plants and preparations for foreign trade and economy, while the Cd element in some leaves, flower axis and branches was beyond the standard. Flowers and flower buds were clustered into one type by CA, while flower axis, leaves and branches were clustered into another category. The two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were extracted from the eight variables by PCA, PC1 showed significant differences among different tissues and organs, and PC2 values showed large differences among batches. Conclusion The flowers and flower buds of S. japonica showed an excellent qualities, including safe doses of heavy metals, rich flavonoids and outstanding antioxidant activities. In addition, the flower axis and leaves also contained high flavonoids and exhibited strong antioxidant activities, which had the value of further development and utilization.