儿童颌面部横纹肌肉瘤的MRI表现

［摘要］ 目的 探讨儿童颌面部横纹肌肉瘤的MRI影像学表现及其临床特点。方法 回顾性分析我院10例经手术病理证实的儿童颌面部横纹肌肉瘤的临床特点及其MRI表现，并进行文献回顾。结果 10例儿童颌面部横纹肌肉瘤中，发病于颞部者7例，发病于上颌、下颌及咽旁各1例。肿瘤形态不规则，边界稍欠清，MRI上T1WI呈等或稍低信号，T2WI呈稍高或高信号，DWI弥散受限，增强扫描呈明显不均匀强化。肿瘤呈浸润性生长，4例侵犯腮腺，6例侵犯耳道，3例侵犯咽，5侵犯邻近肌肉，6例骨质破坏，3例推压颈内动脉及颈动脉鞘，2例向上延伸至颅底。结论 儿童颌面部横纹肌肉瘤好发于颞部，受累范围较大，侵犯邻近肌肉并形成骨质破坏。MRI能清晰显示肿物及其边界，周围软组织浸润范围及骨质破坏情况，提供全面的影像诊断信息。

MRI findings and characteristics rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxillofacial region in children

［Abstract］ Objective To investigate the MRI findings and characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxillofacial region in children. Methods MRI findings and characteristics of 10 children with maxillofacial rhabdomyosarcoma confirmed by surgery and pathology in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed， and the literature was reviewed. Results Among the 10 cases of pediatric maxillofacial rhabdomyosarcoma， seven cases occurred in the temporal region， one in maxilla， one in mandible and one in pharynx. The neoplasm is irregular in shape， poorly defined， MRI showed isointensityor hyperintensity on T1WI， slightly hyperintensity on T2WI， and restricted diffusion on DWI. Uneven enhancement was seenpost contrast. The tumors tend to infiltrate surrounding tissues. The parotid gland was involved in 4 cases， ear canal in six cases， pharynx in three cases， adjacent muscles in five cases， bone destruction in six cases， internal carotid artery was pushed and compressed in three cases， and two cases reached up to the skull base. Conclusion Rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxillofacial region in children tends to occur in the temporal region and infiltrate surrounding tissues， invades adjacent muscles and lead to bone destruction. MRI can clearly show the tumor and its boundary， surrounding soft tissue infiltration range and bone destruction， providing comprehensive imaging diagnostic information。