正常成年人足底跖骨水平高频超声检查方法及声像图表现

目的 探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）对前列腺影像报告和数据系统第二版（PI-RADS v2）评分为3分患者临床决策中的应用价值。方法 收集接受前列腺穿刺且穿刺前MRI PI-RADS v2评分为3分的54例患者，根据穿刺病理结果分为前列腺癌（PCa）组（n=11）和良性组（n=43）。比较2组间总前列腺特异性抗原（TPSA）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（FPSA）、二者比值（F/T）及PSAD、前列腺体积、标识病灶体积的差异，并以ROC曲线分析PSAD诊断PI-RADS v2评分3分患者前列腺病灶良恶性的效能。结果 2组间PSAD差异有统计学意义（P=0.006），TPSA、FPSA、F/T、前列腺体积及标识病灶体积差异均无统计学意义（P均<0.05）。PSAD的ROC曲线下面积为0.771（P<0.05），以PSAD=0.25 ng/ml²为临界值，其诊断PI-RADS v2评分为3分患者前列腺病变良恶性的敏感度为72.73%（8/11），特异度为74.42%（32/43）。结论 PSAD可有效评估PI-RADS v2评分3分患者的患癌风险，以PSAD=0.25 ng/ml²筛查PI-RADS v2评分为3分的高危患者，可减少无效穿刺，提高穿刺阳性率。

High-frequency ultrasonic screening method and characters of plantar metatarsal levelin normal adults

Objective To investigate high-frequency ultrasonic characters and screening method of plantar metatarsal level in normal adults. Methods Plantar metatarsal level were examined with high-frequency ultrasound in 40 normal adults. The base, body and head of the first to the fifth metatarsal were used as anatomical location markers. The ultrasonic characters and screening method were described and recorded. Results The plantar skin, plantar fat pad, plantar aponeurosis and deep muscular structures, including the flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, lumbricalis, felxor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor hallucis and plantar interossei were illuminated in detail with high-frequency ultrasound. Conclusion High-frequency ultrasound can be used to depict anatomical structures of plantar metatarsal level.