添加纳米聚膦腈对聚氨酯材料力学强度的影响

目的 研究添加纳米聚膦腈对聚氨酯材料力学强度的影响。方法 将3种实验组材料（纯聚氨酯材料（PU）、含1%纳米聚膦腈的聚氨酯材料（1% PSZ-PU）、含5%纳米聚膦腈的聚氨酯材料（5% PSZ-PU））以及对照组自固化型硅橡胶软衬材料，分别经历0次、1 000次、3 000次冷热循环后测试其拉伸强度和撕裂强度，并进行统计学分析。结果 冷热循环0次、1 000次、3 000次后3种聚氨酯复合材料拉伸强度依次为：PU组32.85 MPa、23.09 MPa和24.36 MPa；1% PSZ-PU组34.98 MPa、25.33 MPa和25.52 MPa；5% PSZ-PU组32.29 MPa、28.22 MPa和26.10 MPa。撕裂强度依次为：PU组40.64 kN/m、37.96 kN/m和40.69 kN/m；1% PSZ-PU组40.87 kN/m、41.01 kN/m和40.63 kN/m；5% PSZ-PU组42.73 kN/m、43.28 kN/m和41.59 kN/m，它们均大于对照组硅橡胶材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度，其中实验组材料组间比较时，除循环1 000次后，5% PZS-PU和1% PZS-PU的拉伸强度差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）外，其他循环次数中3组实验组材料组间的拉伸强度和撕裂强度的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 3组聚氨酯复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度均高于对照组硅橡胶类软衬材料，5%以内的聚膦腈纳米球添加剂量未对聚氨酯的拉伸强度和撕裂强度产生明显的增强作用。

Effect of nano polyphosphazene on mechanical strength of polyurethane

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano polyphosphazene on the mechanical strength of polyurethane. Methods The tensile strength and tear strength of three experimental materialspure polyurethane (PU), polyurethane containing 1% nano polyphosphazene (1% PSZPU), polyurethane containing 5% nano polyphosphazene (5% PSZ-PU)] and self-curing silicone rubber soft lining materials as the control group were tested after 0, 1000 and 3000 times of thermocycling respectively, and then were statistically analyzed. Results After 0, 1000 and 3000 cycles of cold and hot cycles, the tensile strength of polyurethane composites was 32.85 MPa, 23.09 MPa, 24.36 MPa in the Pu Group, 34.98 MPa, 25.33 MPa, 25.52 MPa in the 1% PSZ-PU group, 32.29 MPa, 28.22 MPa, 26.10 MPa in the 5% PSZ-PU group, significantly higher than that of the control group (0 time:5.77 MPa, 1 000 times:4.64 MPa, 3 000 times:4.74 MPa; and the tear strength in the three experiment groups were respectively 40.64, 37.96, 40.69 kN/m in the Pu Group, 40.87, 41.01, 40.63 kN/m in the 1% PSZ-PU group 42.73, 43.28, 41.59 kN/m in the 5% PSZ-PU group obviously higher than that of the control group (0 time:9.98 kN/m, 1 000 times:9.82 kN/m, 3 000 times:9.79 kN/m) (P<0.05), among which the tensile strength of 5% PZS-PU was statistically different from that of PU and 1% PZS-PU in the experimental group except for 1000 cycles (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the tensile strength and tear strength between the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The tensile strength and tear strength of the three groups of polyurethane composites were higher than those of the control group, and the amount of polyphosphazene nanospheres additives within 5% did not significantly enhance the tensile strength and tear strength of polyurethane.