洪灾对人群疾病影响的研究

目的 研究洪灾对人群疾病的即时及滞后影响。方法 对1996年和1998年均遭受特大洪灾的地区按洪灾类型分层抽样,并设立非灾区对照,回顾调查1996～1999年洪灾区和非灾区人群各类疾病发病情况。结果 洪灾区人群1996、1998年急性传染病发病率分别为863.181/10万和736.591/10万,均高于非灾区年均发病率;但灾后一年的发病率与非灾区无差异,循环系统、神经系统、消化系统、损伤与中毒等8大类慢性非传染病的患病率灾区高于非灾区。山洪区的发病水平最高,溃垸区居中,内渍区最低。实施卫生干预较多的地区肠道和呼吸道传染病发病率低于卫生干预较少的地区。结论 洪灾可致人群急性传染病和慢性非传染病的发病率水平升高,防疫救灾工作在预防和控制急性传染病的同时,应加入针对非传染病的干预措施。

A study on the health status of residents affected by flood disasters

Objective To study the immediate and long-term effects of disasters caused by floods on residents health status. Methods Stratified sampling by ranks of flood disaster occurred in 1996 and 1998, flood disaster areas and control areas were carried out. A retrospective study was also carried out to study all diseases involved during 1996-1999. Results The incident rates of acute infectious disease in flooding areas in 1996 and 1998 were both higher than those of non-flooding areas (863.181/100 000 and 736.591/ 100 000, respectively). But there was no different between the incident rate of the first years in flooding areas and that of non-flooding areas. The prevalence rates of 8 kinds of chronic diseases related to circulatory system, nervous system, digestive system, injury and poison ous diseases in flooding areas were also higher than that in the non-flooding areas. The highest incidence rates of most diseases were in the mountainous flooding areas, followed by areas collapsed by flooding, and the lowest were seen in soakedareas by floods. The incidence rates of intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases were lower in areas where prevention and control measures were weak. Conclusion Flood could lead to the increase of incidence rates both on acute infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases. Interventions on non-infectious diseases should also be enforced to stop the epidemics when preventing and controling acute infectious disease.