Post mortem computed tomography: Useful or unnecessary in gunshot wounds deaths? Two case reports |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics,‘‘Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;2. Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;1. Forensic Department, APHM, La Timone, 264 rue St Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France;2. Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France;3. Interventional and Experimental Imaging Lab (LIIE), EA 4264, CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, France;4. Centre Hospitalier Louis Giorgi, Avenue de Lavoisier, 84106 Orange, France;1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190/52, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;2. Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;3. Center for Forensic Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstr. 20, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;4. Centre Universitaire de Medicine Legale, CHUV – University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Amsterdam Center for Forensic Science and Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Radiology-Pathology Center for Forensic Imaging, New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;4. Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;5. Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;6. Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;7. Department of Radiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA;8. Forensic Pathology Service, Tygerberg University, Cape Town, South Africa;9. Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands;10. Division of Legal Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan;11. Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;12. Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;13. Department of Forensic Medicine, Netherlands Forensic Institute, the Hague, The Netherlands;14. Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;15. Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Dover Airforce Base, Dover, Delaware, USA;p. Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia;q. Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;r. Department of Radiology, Emma Children''s Hospital - Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands;s. Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland;2. Department of Radiology, S. G. Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Italy;3. Department of Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy;1. Laboratory of Morphology and Forensic Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | Post-mortem computer tomography (PMCT) is currently an useful procedure that can elucidate patterns of injuries, providing strong medical evidence that is very useful during litigation and at trial. This technique is especially useful in gunshot wounds cases, allowing an easier location and retrieval of the bullet and/or its fragments inside the body. In such cases, the use of 3D rendering can be very useful in order to obtain essential information, such as: accurate depict of the wound track, discerning between entrance and exit wounds, show bone’s fracture and its fragments course inside the body. The authors performed analysis on two cases of death by gunshot wounds, and a PMCT before the postmortem examination was made. The obtained CT scans were evaluated using the open-source software OsiriX on a Mac OS X computer, performing 3D rendering of the DICOM images. The crime scene reconstruction was performed using the software Poser Debut® on a Mac OS X computer. In both cases, PMCT showed multiple advantages: objectivity, reproducibility, ease visualization of the wound paths, easy localization of bullet and their fragments, allowing us to clarify the cause of death before the traditional autopsy. PMCT should became a standard in forensic practice as an aid to the tradition postmortem examination to obtain as much information as possible in order to clarify the cause and manner of death. |
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| Keywords: | Virtopsy 3D-CT reconstructions Gunshot injuries Trauma Brenneke |
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