Application of an asymmetric finite element model of the C2-T1 cervical spine for evaluating the role of soft tissues in stability |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;2. Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;1. Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;2. University of Leeds, UK;3. University of Auckland, NZ;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;2. Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China;3. National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;2. Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Different finite element models of the cervical spine have been suggested for evaluating the roles of ligaments, facet joints, and disks in the stability of cervical spine under sagittal moments. However, no comprehensive study on the response of the full cervical spine that has used a detailed finite element (FE) model (C2-T1) that considers the asymmetry about the mid-sagittal plane has been reported. The aims of this study were to consider asymmetry in a FE model of the full cervical spine and to investigate the influences of ligaments, facet joints, and disk nucleus on the stability of the asymmetric model during flexion and extension. The model was validated against various published in vitro studies and FE studies for the three main loading planes. Next, the C4-C5 level was modified to simulate different cases to investigate the role of the soft tissues in segmental stability. The FE model predicted that excluding the interspinous ligament (ISL) from the index level would cause excessive instability during flexion and that excluding the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) or the ligamentum flavum (LF) would not affect segmental rotation. During extension, motion increased when the facet joints were excluded. The model without disk nucleus was unstable compared to the intact model at lower loads and exhibited a similar rotation response at higher loads. |
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| Keywords: | Finite element model Cervical spine Asymmetric Stability |
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