Toxicity of the micropollutants Bisphenol A,Ciprofloxacin, Metoprolol and Sulfamethoxazole in water samples before and after the oxidative treatment |
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| Institution: | 1. IWW Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wasserforschung gGmbH, Mülheim, Germany;2. Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany;3. Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Duisburg, Germany;4. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark;1. Department of Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;3. Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., #1 Nishinokyo-Shimoaicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan;4. Japan Public Health Association, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;5. Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;1. Biological & Medical Research Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid Hospital-Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia;1. Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain;2. National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain;3. Ibermutuamur, Ramirez de Arellano 4, 28043 Madrid, Spain;4. Mutualia, Alda Recalde 24, 48009 Bilbao, Spain;5. CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain;1. Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry (ANCH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;2. Algemeen Medisch Labo (AML), Antwerp, Belgium;3. Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium;4. Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Belgium;5. Department of Health, Provincial Institute for Hygiene (PIH), Antwerp, Belgium;6. Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium;1. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA;2. UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA;3. Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt;4. Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt;5. Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | The amount of organic micropollutants detected in surface waters increases steadily. Common waste water treatment plants are not built to remove these substances. Thus there is a need for new technologies. A promising technology is the use of advanced oxidation processes through which organic micropollutants can be removed from waste water. However, the formation of oxidation by-products is likely and needs to be investigated since the by-products not only differ from their parent compounds in regard to their chemical and physical properties but they can also differ in toxicity. Therefore this study was designed to combine chemical and toxicological analyses of the advanced oxidation (O3 5 mg/L] or UV/H2O2 Hg-LP lamp; 15 W; 1 g/L H2O2]) of waste water treatment plant effluents and pure water. Effluent samples from conventional activated sludge waste water treatment (mechanical treatment, activated sludge basin, and primary as well as secondary treatment steps) and high-purity deionized water (pure water) were spiked with Bisphenol A, Ciprofloxacin, Metoprolol or Sulfamethoxazole and treated with O3 or UV/H2O2. For the toxicological analyses mammalian cells (CHO-9, T47D) were exposed to the water samples for 24 h and were tested for cytotoxicity (MTT Test), genotoxicity (Alkaline Comet Assay) and estrogenicity (ER Calux®). The results indicate that the oxidative treatment (O3 or UV/H2O2) of Bisphenol A, Metoprolol, Sulfamethoxazole or Ciprofloxacin in waste water did not result in toxic oxidation by-products, whereas the UV/H2O2 treatment of Bisphenol A and Ciprofloxacin in pure water resulted in by-products with cytotoxic but no estrogenic effects after 60 min. |
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| Keywords: | Advanced oxidation processes Waste water treatment Ozone Micropollutants Antibiotics β-Blocker Bisphenol A |
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