Tissue-specific induction of oxidative stress in goldfish by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: Mild in brain and moderate in liver and kidney |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine;2. Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada;1. Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, PR China;2. Research Center of Engineering Technology for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds, Anhui Academy of Applied Technology, Suixi Road 312, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, PR China;1. School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China;2. School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;3. College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;4. Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;5. Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China;1. Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain;2. Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain;3. Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain;1. ILDONG Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 445-710, Republic of Korea;2. College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Rode, 226001 Nantong, China;2. Department of Biosystem Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China;3. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | This study investigated the effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on free radical-related processes in tissues of goldfish given 96 h exposures to 1, 10 or 100 mg/L of 2,4-D as well as 96 h recovery from the 100 mg/L treatment. In liver, 2,4-D exposure increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides by 36–53% and 24–43%, respectively, but both parameters reverted during recovery, whereas in brain glutathione status improved in response to 2,4-D. Lipid peroxide content in kidney was enhanced by 40–43% after exposure to 2,4-D with a decrease during recovery. Exposure to 2,4-D also reduced liver acetylcholinesterase activity by 31–41%. The treatment increased catalase activity in brain, but returned it to initial levels after recovery. In kidney, exposure to 100 mg/L of 2,4-D caused a 33% decrease of superoxide dismutase activity. Thus, goldfish exposure to 2,4-D induced moderate oxidative stress in liver and kidney and mild oxidative stress in brain. |
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| Keywords: | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) Protein carbonyls Lipid peroxides Oxidative stress Antioxidant enzymes |
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