我国六城市小学生烟草与健康知识信念和行为现状

目的了解青少年烟草与健康相关知识、信念及行为现状,为有效开展青少年控烟活动提供事实依据。方法对北京、上海、天津、深圳、濮阳、长沙6所城市随机抽取的15所小学三~五年级学生进行统一问卷调查。结果85.40%的学生正确回答了3项及以上知识问题,但知道烟草主要危害成分的学生只占14.90%。学生的正确信念持有率为41.90%,大约46.0%的学生对“大人能否吸烟”持错误信念。学生的尝试吸烟率为7.40%,男生显著高于女生;80%以上的吸烟学生在10岁前开始尝试吸烟,原因主要是受好奇心驱使,其香烟来源和吸烟场所主要是“家里”。60%以上学生曾尝试劝阻同伴或父母不吸烟,其中近40.0%的尝试没有效果;85.0%以上的学生表示会拒绝他人劝烟,然而自信能够成功的只有58.66%。分别有66.69%和41.00%的学生报告在过去0.5 a学校没有组织预防吸烟的课外活动或没有教师在任何课程上提及烟草与健康的相关内容。结论学校应根据青少年的不同需求开展内容和形式各异的预防吸烟教育活动,活动应涵盖知识传播和行为指导2个方面,并寻求家长、教师和社区人员的合作,在不同层面上进行综合干预。

Survey on Knowledge, Belief and Behavior About Tobacco and Health Among Primary School Students in Six Cities in China

Objective To study the status of knowledge,belief and behavior on tobacco and health among primary school students and to provide evidence for effectively developing adolescent's smoking cassation activities. Methods The questionnaire survey was carried out among the pupils in grade 3-5 from 15 primary schools in Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Shenzhen,Puyang and Changsha.Results Among four knowledge questions,85.40% of the students correctly answered three or four,but only 14.90% knew the major hazard ingredients of tobacco.About 41.90% had the correct believes,and 46.0% had the wrong believes on whether adults can smoke.The rate of attempting smoking was 7.40%,with boys' higher than girls'.More than 80% of the students smoked initially before 10 years old,and mostly happened at home with the major reason of curiosity.Over 60.0% ever tried to persuade their peers or parents not to smoke.More than 85.0% would like to refuse other's cigarettes,but only 58.66% considered they could do well.66.69% of the students reported no activity being organized by school in the past six months and 41.00% reported no course mentioned the contents related to tobacco and health.Conclusion Smoking prevention education should be developed according to the different demands of the youths,which should cover both knowledge and behavior instruction.Parents,school staff and community members should be involved in the activity,and activity should be conducted at different levels of personnel,family,school and community.