甘南地区儿童青少年近视筛查与矫正情况分析

目的:了解甘肃省甘南地区儿童青少年近视筛查与矫正情况，为近视的防控提供指导依据。方法:采用横断面分层整群抽样研究，抽取甘肃省甘南地区合作市和舟曲县2所幼儿园及12所中小学，每个年级随机抽取2个班，以整班为单位进行筛查，收集儿童青少年近视筛查及矫正情况进行统计学分析。结果:共抽取儿童青少年5 072人，剔除不合格记录后，最终纳入有效数据4 806例。总体近视患病率为45.55%,近视患病率随着年级的升高而呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),女生的近视患病率(48.66%)高于男生(42.18%)(P<0.001)。近视患病率随年龄增长呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),10-12岁为近视增长最快的年龄段，由25.62%增长至60.57%。随着年级的升高，中度近视和高度近视均呈现上升趋势(均P<0.001)。甘南地区总体戴镜率为28.55%,足矫率为50.72%,戴镜率随着学段升高呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),女生戴镜率(30.84%)高于男生(26.69%)(P=0.008)。初中学段低、中、高度近视的足矫率均为3个学段中最低。在各个学段中，高度近视的足矫率均最低...

Screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region

AIM: To understand the screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region of Gansu Province, and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of myopia.

METHODS: A cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study was conducted to select 2 kindergartens and 12 primary and secondary schools in Hezuo City and Zhouqu County, Gannan region of Gansu Province, two classes were randomly selected from each grade, and the whole class was used as a unit for screening. The screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents were collected for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 5 072 children and adolescents were selected, and 4 806 valid data were finally included after excluding unqualified records. The overall prevalence of myopia was 45.55%, and the prevalence of myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade(P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia in girls(48.66%)was higher than that in boys(42.18%; P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age(P<0.001), and the age group of 10-12 years old was the fastest growing for myopia, increasing from 25.62% to 60.57%. Furthermore, moderate myopia and high myopia showed an increasing tread with the increase of the grade(all P<0.001). The overall glasses wearing rate of the Gannan region was 28.55%, with a full correction rate of 50.72%, and the glasses wearing rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of grades(P<0.001). The glasses wearing rate of female students(30.84%)was higher than that of male students(26.69%; P=0.008). The full correction rates of low, moderate and high myopia in junior high were the lowest among the 3 phases of studying. The full correction rate of high myopia was the lowest in all phases of studying.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region is lower than the national average, but the myopia of children and adolescents is still a trend of young age and high incidence, and the glasses wearing rate of myopia and full correction rate are low.