人参皂苷抗肿瘤机制及其纳米药物递送系统的研究进展

癌症是威胁人类健康的最大挑战之一，开发有效的癌症治疗方法是医药领域迫切需要解决的难题。人参皂苷是从人参属植物中提取的活性成分，体内外实验证明人参皂苷具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。由于人参皂苷的组成成分复杂，大部分单体为难溶性物质，在一定程度上限制了其临床应用。纳米药物递送系统在抗肿瘤研究中呈现多方面优势，可提高难溶性药物的溶解度、增加敏感药物的稳定性、改善肿瘤细胞对药物的摄取率、实现缓控释及靶向给药等。为了实现癌症的精准治疗，通过制剂学完成人参皂苷纳米递送系统（如聚合物胶束、纳米粒、脂质体等）在抗肿瘤应用中的研究与日俱增。通过对人参皂苷的抗肿瘤机制、临床应用、纳米递送系统等的最新研究进展进行综述，为人参皂苷的剂型设计及临床应用提供参考。

Research progress on antitumor mechanism and nano-drug delivery system for ginsenosides

Cancer remains one of the greatest health challenges of our lifetime and developing efficient therapy for cancer has been an urgent need. Ginsenoside, a natural and bioactive component isolated from genus Panax, has shown potent antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical cancer models. However, the monomer composition of ginsenosides is complex, and most monomers are insoluble substances, which hinders the clinical translation of ginsenosides for cancer therapy. Nano-drug delivery system exhibits many advantages in antitumor researches, such as improving the solubility of insoluble drugs, maintaining the stability of sensitive drugs, increasing the uptake rates by tumor cells, and achieving controlled or targeted drug release. Recently, in order to accurate cancer precise treatment. Ginsenoside nano-delivery system (such as polymer micelles, nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.) in antitumor applications was increased multiply daily. This paper therefore reviews recent advances on ginsenoside nano-delivery system, their physiochemical properties, and antitumor mechanisms, with view to providing insights into formulation development and clinical application.