上海市杨浦区工业园区企业职业卫生状况监督抽检结果分析

目的]抽查上海市杨浦区工业园区企业存在的职业病危害因素种类与浓度（强度）,及其贯彻国家职业卫生法规开展职业病防治工作的状况。方法]依据《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》等法律、法规和国家职业卫生标准,对辖区内2个工业园区10家入驻企业工作场所粉尘、噪声、化学有害物质、高温进行检测。按照上海市卫生监督部门统一印制的《工业园区入驻企业检查表》依法对抽检的入驻企业职业病危害因素、建设项目卫生审核、职业病危害项目申报、职业健康监护、作业场所检测评价,以及近3年来卫生行政处罚情况等进行监督检查。结果]入驻企业的较多岗位存在职业病危害因素,建设项目卫生审核率为20%,职业病危害项目申报率为90%,定期职业健康体检率为93.8%。工作场所主要职业病危害因素以机床喷漆苯超标最为严重,短时间接触浓度（STEL）、时间加权平均浓度（TWA）最高值分别超过职业接触限值44.30倍和14.20倍;铸造清砂岗位的矽尘和铸造打磨、振动落砂等岗位的噪声强度,以及热处理电炉操作岗位等的高温均分别超过国家职业卫生限值。结论]园区入驻企业职业卫生管理与国家职业卫生法律、法规要求尚有较大差距,建立有效的职业卫生监督管理机制是治本之策。

An Investigation of Occupational Health in an Industrial Park in Yangpu District,Shanghai

Objective] To investigate the occupational hazards and their compliance with national regulations in enterprises located in industrial parks in Yangpu District. Methods] Dusts,noise,poisonous chemicals,and environmental temperature in the workplaces of 10 enterprises in 2 industrial parks were monitored according to the related national regulations.The implementation of health regulations including health inspection of engineering projects,declaration of occupational health hazards,health surveillance,environmental monitoring and administrative penalties over the past 3 years were checked. Results] Many workers in these 10 enterprises were exposed to occupational hazards.Only 20% of the engineering projects were reported and audited by health administration,although 93.8% of hazards were declared and 93.8% of workers underwent periodical health examinations.Workers involved in paint spraying of machine tools were exposed to benzene at levels which were 44.3 and 14.2 times of the national limits according to the permissible concentration-short term exposure limit（PC-STEL）and permissibe concentration-time weighted average（PC-TWA）,respectively.Silica dusts in sand clearing,noise in polishing and vibrating sand, and heat in thermo-deposition were not compliant with the national health standards. Conclusion] There were discrepancies in occupational health management between the national requirements and the current situations in these enterprises.The development of an efficient supervision system is the basis of a resolution to these problems.