Association between lifestyle behaviors and frailty in Atlantic Canadian males and females |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundarció Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;2. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain;3. Pharmacy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;4. Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Madrid, Spain;5. Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;6. Department of Medical Sociology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland;7. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;8. Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta" Foundation IRCCS (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico), Milan, Italy;9. Visiting Fellow at Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Avenue, mSuite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA |
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| Abstract: | PurposeThe aim of this study was to identify lifestyle factors in males and females that are associated with a greater degree of frailty in a Canadian cohort.MethodsCross-sectional data analysis from participants aged 30−74 yrs of the Atlantic PATH cohort. Inclusion criteria included completion of mental health questionnaires and ≥1 vital measure (n = 9133, 70% female, mean age 55 yrs). A frailty index was created based on 38 items with higher values indicating increasing frailty. The association between lifestyle factors and frailty was assessed by logistic regression.Results805 participants had a high level of frailty (frailty index ≥0.30). There was a significant interaction among sex, age, and lifestyle factors such as smoking status (P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (P < 0.001), physical activity level (P = 0.005), time spent sitting (P < 0.001) and sleeping (P < 0.001) on frailty. Smoking was harmful whereas sleep was protective for both males and females (<60 yrs). Females (<60yrs) that sat for ≥4 h/day were more likely to be highly frail whereas females (all ages) that consumed alcohol at least occasionally were less likely to be highly frail. Males, but not females, that engaged in a high level of physical activity were less likely to have a high level of frailty.ConclusionsHigher frailty is more prevalent among participants with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors related to smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary and physical activity level, diet, and sleep. Differences in lifestyle behaviors of males and females of specific ages should be considered for managing frailty levels. |
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| Keywords: | Frailty Health behaviors Sex-differences Successful aging |
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