Fenobucarb-induced developmental neurotoxicity and mechanisms in zebrafish |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China;2. School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China;3. Hunter Biotechnology, Inc, F1A, building 5, No. 88 Jiangling Road, Binjiang, Zone, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310051, China;4. Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States;1. School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;3. Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China |
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| Abstract: | Fenobucarb (2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate, BPMC) is an extensively used carbamate insecticide. Its developmental neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms have not been well investigated. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of BPMC from 6 hpf (hours post fertilization, hpf) to 120 hpf. BPMC induced developmental toxicity with reduced motility in larval zebrafish. The spinal cord neutrophil infiltration, increased ROS production, caspase 3 and 9 activation, central nerve and peripheral motor neuron damage, axon and myelin degeneration were observed in zebrafish treated with BPMC generally in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of eight marker genes for nervous system function or development, namely, a1-tubulin, shha, elavl3, gap43, syn2a, gfap, mbp and manf, was significantly downregulated following BPMC exposure. AChE activity reduction and ache gene expression suppression was also found significantly in BPMC-treated zebrafish. These results indicate that BPMC is highly toxic to zebrafish and that BPMC induces zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration and apoptosis. |
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| Keywords: | Fenobucarb BPMC Zebrafish Neurotoxicity Mechanisms |
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