北京地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病与皮肤过敏原试验的调查

目的　了解北京市城区与郊区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的发病情况及皮肤过敏原点刺试验的情况。方法　 2 0 0 1年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 1月期间 ,采用“国际间儿童哮喘及其他过敏性疾病的对比研究”的调查方案及标准问卷 ,在北京朝阳区 (城区 )及通州区 (郊区 )按随机整群抽样法 ,共调查了 2 1所中学以 13～ 14岁为主的初一及初二年级的全部学生 70 77名 (城区 35 31名 ,郊区 35 4 6名 ) ;并在参加调查的学生中 ,再随机整群抽样 ,对城区和郊区各 10 0 0名左右的儿童进行 13种常见过敏原的皮肤点刺试验。结果　城区儿童既往喘息发病率为 12 4 %、近 12个月喘息发病率为 7 2 %、近 12个月运动后喘息发病率为 2 5 6 %、近 12个月夜间干咳发病率为 19 3% ;而郊区儿童此 4项调查结果分别为4 5 %、4 3%、12 5 %及 8 3%。城区儿童既往未感冒或着凉时即有打喷嚏、流鼻涕或鼻塞等过敏性鼻炎表现的占 4 6 1% ,近 12个月发生过的占 35 6 % ,有鼻子不适同时伴眼痒流泪的为 10 3% ;郊区学生有这些症状的比例分别是 2 1 3%、12 3%和 3 3%。 13～ 14岁城市儿童过敏性鼻炎的患病率达 8 4 %。以上各种情况患病率北京城区均明显高于郊区 (P <0 0 5 )。城区儿童 13种过敏原皮肤点刺试验阳性率均明显高于郊区儿童 (P <0

Prevalence of allergic respiratory disorders and skin prick test in Beijing urban and suburban children: a comparative study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of allergic respiratory disorders and allergens in Beijing urban and suburban children. METHODS: Using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III Protocol, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 7,077 junior middle school students, 3,531 males and 3,546 females, aged 13-14, of 11 urban schools and 10 suburban schools in Beijing by random cluster sampling. Skin prick test with 13 common allergens was conducted among 2,126 from the 7,077 students by random cluster sampling. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of anamnestic asthma, asthma in recent 12 months, asthma after exercise in recent 12 months, and dry cough during night in recent 12 months were 12.4%, 7.2%, 25.6%, and 19.3% respectively in the urban students; all significantly higher than those in the suburban students (4.5%, 4.3%, 12.5%, and 8.3% respectively, all P < 0.01). The rates of anamnestic nasal symptoms without common cold, present nasal symptoms without common cold, and those nasal symptoms complicated with itching eyes and lacrimation were 41.6%, 35.6%, and 10.3% respectively in urban students, and 21.3% all significantly higher than those in the suburban students (21.3%, 12.3%, and 3.3% respectively, all P < 0.05). The positive rates of the 13 main allergens were significantly higher in the urban students than in the suburban students (all P < 0.01). The positive rate of Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, cat hair, and Blatella germanica were 20.4%, 16.9%, 10.8%, and 11.0% respectively in the urban students, all significantly higher than those in the suburban students (3.7%, 2.7%, 3.7%, and 2.7% respectively, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates of allergic disorders have been increased in comparison with those in the last decade in Beijing junior middle school students, especially those in the urban area and may be due to the changes of environments and living styles.