医用不锈钢材料的腐蚀、磨损及其生物相容性

摘要 背景：目前在硬组织修复和替换方面，医用不锈钢仍然具有钴基合金、钛合金以及复合型生物陶瓷等材料无法替代的作用。但不锈钢被植入体内后因腐蚀和摩擦磨损等作用会逐渐破坏而释放出金属离子，导致毒副作用和植入失效。近年来，对新型不锈钢材料在耐蚀性、耐磨损性及生物相容性方面的研究有了很大进展，并成为人们日益关注的研究开发课题。 目的：从腐蚀、磨损和生物相容性3 方面总结医用不锈钢的研究现状，并分析指出研究中存在的问题和以后的发展方向。 方法：应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和PubMed数据库中1995-01/2010-01关于医用不锈钢的腐蚀、磨损和生物相容性等方面的文章，根据纳入标准选择39篇文章进行综述。 结果与结论：通过金属材料表面改性处理以及新型无镍不锈钢的研发将有效提高不锈钢的耐蚀性和耐磨性、降低镍等金属离子的危害性，但目前尚缺乏适宜的不锈钢耐磨损腐蚀复合改性技术。而新型无镍不锈钢拥有更为优良的综合性能和生物相容性，具有良好的发展前景。医用不锈钢研发和应用时要全面考虑各种因素的影响，材料在使用时需要同时满足腐蚀、磨损和生物相容性3方面的要求，同时要建立完善的材料性能评价体系。 关键词：医用不锈钢；奥氏体不锈钢；腐蚀；磨损；生物相容性；细胞毒性；细胞凋亡 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.026

Corrosion, wear and biocompatibility of medical stainless steel

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Medical stainless steel can not be replaced by other materials such as cobalt or titanium alloy, and compound bioceramic in the replacement and repair of hard tissues, but the metal ions that are released from medical stainless steel because of its corrosion and wear, result in harm and side effects, as well as embedding failure. Recently, there have been great improvements achieved in the research of corrosion, wear and biocompatibility for new types of medical stainless steel, and this improvement is generally focused day by day. OBJECTIVE: To review the current statues in the corrosion, wear and biocompatibility of medical stainless steel, and to analyze the existing problems and development trends. METHODS: Databases of CNKI and PubMed were retrieved by computer to search the papers published from January 1995 to January 2010. Papers underlying the corrosion, wear and biocompatibility of medical stainless steel were selected. Totally 39 literatures were summarized according to inclusive criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The treatment modifying the surface of mental materials and the appearance of the medical stainless steel without nickel would improve corrosion and wear of the medical stainless steel, and eliminate harm effect of mental ions such as nickel. But now the complex techniques that improve the corrosion and wear is still absent. The medical stainless steel without nickel has better characteristics of comprehensive ability and biocompatibility, as well as better development prospect. All kinds of factors must be considered in development and application of the medical stainless steel, and the materials must be satisfying in the all aspects of corrosion, wear and biocompatibility at the same time. It is also important to construct and consummate the system that assesses the materials efficiency.