体力劳动者职业紧张与工作能力现状及关系的研究

目的了解体力劳动者的职业紧张与工作能力现状,探讨其紧张水平与工作能力的关系。方法采用工作能力指数(WAI)量表和职业紧张(OSI-R)量表,对不同职业体力劳动者1 309人(调查组)和732名非体力劳动者(对照组)进行问卷调查。结果调查组的工作能力及应对资源均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而经性别分层后的职业任务紧张程度及个体紧张反应与对照组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);经偏相关分析,两组劳动者的工作能力均与职业任务紧张及个体紧张反应呈负相关关系(r为-0.270~-0.493,P<0.01),而与个体应对资源呈显著正相关关系(r为0.286~0.349,P<0.01)。经列联表卡方检验,调查组年龄与工作能力间呈显著正相关关系(χ2=29.406,P<0.01),而对照组年龄与工作能力间无明显相关(2χ=15.617,P>0.05)。经多元线性回归分析,影响调查组工作能力评价的主要因素是心理紧张反应及任务不适因素,躯体紧张反应、理性处事、工龄、业务紧张反应、民族、工作变动及经济收入因素对工作能力的评价有一定影响。结论体力劳动者的工作能力普遍低于脑力及脑体混合工作者,通过增进劳动者的应对资源,调整职业心理紧张反应因素及改善工作适应状态可提高其工作能力,保护劳动者身心健康。

Study on Status and Relationship between Occupational Stress and Work Ability of Physical Laborers

Objective To investigate the status of occupational stress and work ability of physical laborers and to explore their relationship.Methods Occupational stress inventory revised(OSI-R)and work ability index(WAI)were used to measure the study group of(1 309) physical laborers and control group of 732 non-physical laborers.Results The results indicated that the scores of WAI and PRQ in the study group were significantly poorer than those in the control group.The scores of the ORQ and PSQ were not significantly different between groups by stratified gender.The partial regression showed that the WAI correlated inversely with the ORQ and PSQ(r=-0.270~-0.493,P<0.01)and correlated positively with PRQ(r=0.286~0.349,P<0.01).The multi-analysis indicated that the variables influencing the work ability included the factors of mental strain,uncomfortable task,physical strain,handling affairs rationally,working age,job strain,nationality,job changes and income.Conclusions The work ability of the physical laborers was lower than mental and mental-physical workers.The status of work ability can be improved with enhancing personal resource,adjusting occupational stressor and improving the status of maladjustment.