Physiological regulation in cigarette exposed infants: an examination of potential moderators |
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Authors: | Schuetze Pamela Eiden Rina D Colder Craig R Gray Theresa R Huestis Marilyn A |
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Institution: | a Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, United Statesb Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, United Statesc Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, United Statesd Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, United States |
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Abstract: | The primary purpose of this study was to examine pathways from prenatal cigarette exposure to physiological regulation at 2 months of age. Specifically, we explored the possibility that any association between prenatal cigarette exposure and infant physiological regulation was moderated by fetal growth, prenatal or postnatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure or maternal depressive symptomatology during pregnancy. We evaluated whether exposed infants who were also exposed to ETS after birth, were small for gestational age (SGA) or had mothers with higher depressive symptoms during pregnancy had the highest levels of physiological dysregulation. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was obtained from 234 (166 exposed and 68 nonexposed) infants during sleep. As expected, cigarette-exposed infants had significantly lower RSA than nonexposed infants. This association was not moderated by prenatal or postnatal ETS exposure, or maternal depressive symptomatology during pregnancy. However, small for gestational age status did moderate this association such that nonexposed infants who were not small for gestational age had a significantly higher RSA than nonexposed small for gestational age infants and exposed infants. These findings provide additional evidence that prenatal cigarette exposure is directly associated with dysregulation during infancy. |
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Keywords: | ETS Environmental tobacco exposure RSA Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia SGA Small for gestational age HRV Heart rate variability HR Heart rate TLFB Timeline Followback Interview ELISA Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay LC-MSMS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry OHCOT trans-3-hydroxycotinine OCS Obstetrical Complications Scale BDI Beck Depression Inventory IBI Interbeat interval |
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