大汶河流域农村小型供水系统饮用水卫生检测分析

目的了解大汶河流域农村小型供水系统农村生活饮用水卫生现状,为制定农村小型供水系统饮用水安全发展规划及社会主义新农村建设提供依据。方法对大汶河流域上、中、下游附近农村小型供水系统150个农村生活饮用水监测点水样检测,并对检测的结果进行统计学分析。结果共检测水样600份,合格309份,总合格率为51.50%。18个检测项目中,菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群合格率较低,分别为:77.17%、70.50%、75.67%。大汶河流域上、中、下游附近农村小型供水系统水质合格率呈递减趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.886,P﹤0.05),枯水期水质合格率高于丰水期(χ2=6.412,P﹤0.05),水源水水质合格率高于末梢水(χ2=11.217,P﹤0.01)。结论检测结果表明大汶河流域农村生活饮用水卫生合格率较低,主要是微生物学指标,缺乏必要的消毒处理,存在传播介水传染病的隐患。沿大汶河流域附近饮水水质合格率呈递减趋势,建议采取有效措施加强治污与水源保护、卫生管理、净化消毒和健康教育工作,保障沿岸农村生活饮用水安全。

Detection of Drinking-Water Hygiene of Small Water Supply Systems in Rural Areas along Dawen River

Objective To understand the current status of drinking - water hygiene of small water supply systems in rural areas along Dawen River, and to provide a basis for developing the plans for drinking - water hygiene of small water supply systems in rural areas and the construction of new socialist countryside. Methods Water sample testing was carried out in 150 water quality monitoring stations near the upper, middle and lower reaches of Dawen River. The results were ana- lyzed statistically afterwards. Results A total of 600 water samples were detected, of which 309 were qualified, the o- verall qualified rate was 51.50%. Among the18 test items, the qualified rate was low in total bacterial count, total coli- forms and heat-resistant coliforms, which was 77.17%, 70.50% and 75.67% respectively. The qualified rate of wa- ter quality showed a decreasing trend in the upper, middle and lower reaches of Dawen River, and the difference was statis- ticaUy significant （ χ2 = 6. 886, P 〈 0.05 ）, the water qualified rate was higher in dry season than in wet period （ χ2 = 6. 412, P 〈 0.05 ）, the qualified rate of source water was higher than that of the peripheral water （χ2 = 11.217, P 〈 0.01 ） Conclusions The results show that the qualified rate of drinking - water hygiene is low in rural areas along Dawen Riv- er, which is mainly manifested as lack of necessary disinfection management on microorganisms, and risks for waterborne infectious disease. The qualified rate of water quality shows a decreasing trend in the areas along Dawen River. It is recom- mended that effective measures should be taken to strengthen pollution control, water protection, health management, de- contamination and health education, so as to protect the safety of drinking - water in rural areas along Dawen River.