啮齿类动物类过敏试验模型的建立

目的:以不同浓度的聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(吐温-80)为对象,建立一种简便易行的清醒小动物类过敏试验方法,用于中药注射剂的类过敏反应筛选和评价.方法:所有受试物均含有0.4%伊文思蓝,各组分别iv给予受试药小鼠20 mL·kg-1,豚鼠30 mL·kg-1,给药后观察30 min内动物的行为学变化,耳廓蓝染情况,测定小鼠双耳丙酮生理盐水浸液的吸光度.结果:小鼠iv0.5%～10%吐温-80溶液、含0.5%～10%吐温-80的鱼腥草蒸馏液、150～600 mL·kg-1双黄连粉针剂;豚鼠iv0.25%～1.0%吐温-80溶液、含0.25%～1.0%吐温-80的鱼腥草蒸馏液、54 mg·kg-1双黄连粉针剂,均可造成小鼠和豚鼠耳廓不同程度蓝染,并且各组随着剂量增高,耳廓蓝染面积增大、染色加深.鼠耳经丙酮生理盐水液浸泡后,用半自动生化仪检测,发现伊文思蓝渗出量与肉眼观察结果基本一致.结论:利用小鼠和豚鼠耳廓血管通透性测试,可以作为筛选中药注射剂类过敏反应的模型,是一种简便易行的清醒小动物类过敏试验方法.

Development of animal model for anaphylactoid test of rodent

Objective : To establish a simple and feasible method of anaphylactoid test on awaked small animals for screening and assessing anaphylactoid reaction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection with different concentration of tween 80. Method : Test substances containing 0.4% Evans blue were intravenously injected into mice at volume of 20 mL·kg^-1 or guinea pigs at a volume of 30 mL·kg^-1. The behaviors were observed and the vascular permeability of ears evaluated by the extent of ear blue staining and absorbance of Evans blue extraction of ears were tested at 30 min after injection. Result : Tween 80 solution, Yuxingcao injection with tween 80, and Shuanghuanglian powder injection obviously increased vascular permeability of ears characterized as ear blue staining and increased absorbance of the Evans blue extract from ears extracted by acetone saline both in mice and in guinea pigs in a concentration-dependent (in the case of tween 80) or a dose-dependent (Shuanghuanglian) manner. Conclusion : Ear vascular permeability test in mice and guinea pigs can be used as animal models to screen and test anaphylactoid reaction induced by injections.