经右胸前侧入路电视胸腔镜下胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力

目的 探讨经右胸前侧入路电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力(MG)的可行性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年8月至2007年10月采用经右胸前侧入路VATS胸腺切除治疗MG的56例患者的临床资料.结果 55例患者通过VATS顺利完成胸腺(或胸腺瘤)与前纵隔脂肪切除.平均手术时间(96.2±52.1)min,平均术中出血量(68.7±21.4)ml.2例患者术中发生左头臂静脉损伤;1例术中结扎止血,1例中转开胸止血后完成手术.切除胸腺及纵隔脂肪组织平均(22.1±9.2)g.术后病理检查示胸腺增生38例,胸腺萎缩5例,胸腺瘤12例,胸腺囊肿1例.1例(1.8%)患者因出血于术后第8天死亡.1例(1.8%)患者术后发生重症肌无力危象.平均住院时间(7.9±2.9)d.术后MG完全缓解8例(14.3%),部分缓解39例(69.6%),无变化7例(12.5%),总有效率83.9%.结论 利用VATS经右胸前侧入路行胸腺切除安全可行,治疗MG效果满意.

Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery through right anterior-lateral approach

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and curative effect of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) through right anterior-lateral approach. METHODS: Fifty-six patients of MG were treated with thoracoscopic thymectomy and mediastinal fat dissection through right anterior-lateral approach from August 2001 to October 2007. The feasibility, safety, complication and remission for MG were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-five operations were completed by VATS. The mean operative time and blood loss were (96.2 +/- 52.1) min and (68.7 +/- 21.4) ml, respectively. The brachiocephalic vein injury by the electric coagulator occured in two cases and one of them performed thoracotomy for homeostasis, the other performed ligation. The postoperative pathology showed hyperplasia in 38 cases, atrophy in 5 cases, thymoma in 12 cases and cyst of thymus in 1 case. And the operative complication included one myasthenia crisis (1.8%) at the third day and one death (1.8%) at the eighth day because of postoperative hemorrhage. The average length of stay was (7.9 +/- 2.9) d. All cases were followed up from one to seventy months. Eight (14.3%) of complete remission, 39 cases (69.6%) of partial remission and 7 cases (12.5%) of no change were found. The total effective rate was 83.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic thymectomy through right anterior lateral approach is technically feasible, safe and minimally invasive. It has a high remission rate for MG.