l-Carnitine: therapeutic strategy for metabolic encephalopathy

The effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on membrane electrical properties and synaptic transmission in neurons of the isolated rabbit superior cervical ganglion were investigated. 4-AP (0.03-0.1 mM) increased the amplitude of the fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (f-EPSP) without affecting appreciably either the acetylcholine (ACh) depolarization induced by iontophoresis of ACh or the passive and active membrane properties of the neurons. At concentrations of 1-5 mM, 4-AP reversibly depressed the amplitude of the f-EPSP as well as the ACh depolarization; a slight to moderate prolongation of the action potential duration was observed. In addition to the effects on evoked synaptic potentials, 4-AP induced spontaneous discharges which were abolished reversibly by curare, low Ca solution or Co. The results indicate that 4-AP at low concentrations facilitated evoked as well as spontaneous release of ACh by a presynaptic mechanism, whereas at higher concentrations it exerted a curare-like effect on the postsynaptic membrane.