哈尔滨市香坊区学龄儿童牛乳蛋白过敏状况调查

目的了解儿童牛乳蛋白过敏(cowmilk protein allergy,CMPA)现状,为CMPA的防治和致敏食物的监管提供科学依据。方法以自编问卷、皮肤点刺试验、德国敏筛试纸实验作为初步诊断依据,对哈尔滨市5840名6～10岁学龄儿童进行筛查,分析牛乳蛋白过敏的影响因素。结果在有效答卷5720份中,自诉牛乳蛋白过敏的学生196例,其中47例皮肤点刺实验、德国敏筛试纸均呈阳性,CMPA发生率为0.82%。牛乳蛋白过敏多为皮疹,其次为胃肠过敏。除对牛乳蛋白过敏外,同时也对其他食物过敏。喂养方式、其他食物过敏情况、父母过敏情况是CMPA发生的影响因素。结论应采取母乳喂养、推荐食用低致敏婴儿配方粉等综合措施预防和治疗CMPA。

Study on cow milk protein allergy among school age children in Xiangfang district in Harbin

Objective To survey the status of cow milk protein allergy(CMPA)in school age children,and to provide scientific basis for monitoring food allergy.Methods A total of 5 720 students from Xiangfang district in Harbin elementary schools were surveyed by questionnaire,skin prick test and German allergy screen test as a preliminary diagnosis.After that,influential factors related to milk protein allergy were analyzed by use of the collected data.Results One hundred and ninty-six students had ever suffered CMPA at least once,47 students showed positive reaction in skin prick test and German allergy screen test.The prevalence of CMPA was 0.82%.The major symptoms of CMPA were rash,followed by gastrointestinal allergy.In addition to CMPA,they were allergic to other food at the same time.Related factors on CMPA are feeding mode,other food allergy and parental allergy.Conclusion Comprehensive measures including breastfeeding,recommending low allergy baby for mula powder should be taken to prevent and control CMPA.