细胞凋亡与胎儿神经管发育缺陷

目的探讨胎儿神经管畸形(NTDs)发育过程中胎盘和神经组织细胞凋亡的发生规律。方法采用原位末端标记技术检测孕16～39 w神经管畸形儿胎盘绒毛组织和中枢神经组织的细胞凋亡。结果脊柱裂暴露处脊髓组织细胞凋亡指数大于非暴露处脊髓组织的凋亡指数(P0.05)。无脑儿胸段脊髓细胞凋亡指数与非无脑儿胸段脊髓细胞凋亡指数无统计学差异(P0.05)。NTD儿胎盘绒毛组织细胞凋亡指数明显大于正常胎盘绒毛组织的细胞凋亡指数(P0.01)。结论NTD儿未闭合处的脊髓组织和胎盘绒毛组织的细胞过度凋亡,与胎儿神经管畸形的发生有关。

Apoptosis and fetal neural tube defects

Objective： To investigate the apoptosis during placentation and nervous system development and its significance in fetal neural tube defects. Methods： Terminal transferase-mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） was used to examine the apopto- sis in parietal cortex, thoracic spinal cord and placental villi at different gestation weeks. The tissues were collected by induced abortion due to fetal neural tube defect （NTD）. Results. The apoptotic index of exposed spinal cord was significantly higher than that of non-exposed spinal cord from the spinal bifida fetus （P〈0.05）. There was no statistical difference of apoptosis in the thoracic spinal cord between NTD fetus and control samples （P〉0.05）. Excessive apoptosis was observed in the placental villi of NTD fetus compared with the control placental villi （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Excessive apoptosis in exposed spinal cord and placenta villi may be involved in the occurrence of human neural tube defects.