基于GIS的武汉市螺情监测

目的 通过地理信息系统(GIS)分析武汉市现有螺点和历史螺点的各项螺情指标,探索螺情变化规律。方法 根据武汉市863个历史及现有螺点的螺情数据资料,建立螺情资料空间数据库。使用Arcmap10.2的空间统计分析模块,对2017年螺情监测的活螺密度数据进行空间自相关性分析和热点分析。结果 武汉市现有钉螺环境分布呈东北-西南方向分布,中心在武汉市西南面东荆河区域（蔡甸区、汉南区）;现有螺点和历史螺点植被类别构成差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;历史螺点现在环境类型和历史环境类型构成差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;而现有螺点的现在环境类型与历史环境类型差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;钉螺分布具较强的空间自相关性（Moran's I>0,z= 14.386 223,P<0.001）,钉螺分布呈聚集模式。钉螺分布热点在武汉市西南角东荆河区域（蔡甸区、汉南区）以及长江沿线散在分布。冷点集中在滠水近长江段东面区域（黄陂区）以及府河沿线。结论 植被类型和环境类型改变可能对现有螺点钉螺密度减少、消除,转化为历史螺点的过程有影响;武汉市钉螺分布具有地域聚集性且热点分布于东荆河流域以及长江沿线散在分布。

Monitoring of Oncomelania hupensis snail situation based on GIS in Wuhan

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Wuhan City by geographic information system (GIS) and explore the change rule of snail situation. Methods Based on the data of 86historical and existing snail habitats in Wuhan City, the spatial database of the snail data was established. By using the spatial statistical analysis module of Arcmap10.2, the spatial autocorrelation and hotspots of the living snail density data were analyzed in 2017. Results The existing habitats of snails were distributed from the northeast to southwest, and the center was in the South-West of Wuhan City, Dongjing River area (Caidian District and Hannan District). The vegetation types had significant difference between the existing snail habitats and historical snail habitats (P<0.001). In the historical snail habitats, there was a statistically significant difference between the existing environmental types and historical environmental types (P<0.01). However, in the existing snails habitats, there was no significant difference between the existing environmental types and historical environmental types (P>0.05). The distribution of density of snails had strong spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I>0, z=14.386 223, P<0.001), and the distribution of snails was aggregated. The hotspots of snail distribution were at the southwest corner of Dongjing River area (Caidian District and Hannan District) and along the Yangtze River. The cold spots were concentrated in the Sheshui River near the east section of the Yangtze River region (Huangpi area) and along the Fu River. Conclusions The change of vegetation types and environmental types may have an impact on the transformation from the existing snail habitats to historical snail habitats. The distribution of snails in Wuhan City is regionally aggregated, and the hotspots are distributed in the Dongjing River basin and along the Yangtze River.