广西南宁市登革热媒介季节消长及其影响因素研究

目的 掌握南宁市登革热媒介季节消长及其影响因素,为防控登革热提供科学依据。方法 伊蚊种群、密度监测采用布雷图指数法、标准间指数法、诱蚊诱卵器指数法、栖息蚊虫捕捉法、人诱停落法、双层叠帐法;伊蚊携带病毒监测采用RT-PCR分型方法检测病毒核酸和登革热病毒分离方法气候、环境等因素监测采用定期收集气象部门的观测数据和实时现场记录的气候、环境数据。结果 南宁市2015年5月—2018年4月捕获的伊蚊均为白纹伊蚊,未发现埃及伊蚊,均未检出登革热病毒。常年有伊蚊活动,密度随季节消长,高峰期为5—9月;与气温、日照时间、相对湿度、降雨量存在正相关关系,与平均气压存在负相关关系,回归分析差异有统计学意义（P<0.005）。伊蚊密度较高的场所是废品收购站、花鸟市场、公园、工地,密度的差异有统计学意义（P<0.005）。伊蚊孳生地类型主要是小型积水容器,孳生繁育的适宜小气候环境和栖息条件为丘陵地形、毗邻水系、有废弃物或有植被覆盖。结论 南宁市白纹伊蚊分布广泛,常年有活动,5—9月存在登革热输入和本地传播风险,应加强登革热监测预警,防止疫情发生流行。

Study on seasonal fluctuation and influencing factors of dengue vector in Nanning,Guangxi

Objective To master the seasonal fluctuation and its influencing factors of dengue vector in Nanning,and provide scientific basis for the control of dengue fever. Methods The surveillance of Aedes larvaes were conducted by the Breteau Index (BI) method, standard space index (SSI) method, and Mosquito-oviposition trap index method; the surveillance of adult Aedes mosquitoes were conducted by the Habitat mosquito-catching method,human-induced stopping method, double-layer accounting method, egg-inducing device method; the viruses carried by Aedes mosquito were detected by RT-PCR and virus isolation would be conducted if necessary; correlation analyses of the Aedes mosquitoes density withthe regular observations data from meteorological department, climate and environmental data recorded in real time on site were conducted.Results All the mosquitoes captured in Nanning from May 2015 to April 2018 were Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and type of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were absence. Dengue viruses were not detected from the Aedes captured. The density of Aedes mosquito fluctuated with the season, and it displayed a high level in the period of May to September. The density of larva mosquitoes was positively correlated with temperature, sunshine time, relative humidity and rainfall, and negatively correlated with the average pressure (P<0.005).The type of Aedes breeding ground was mainly a small water reservoir. The suitable microclimate environment and habitat conditions for breeding were hilly terrain, adjacent water systems, waste or vegetation cover. Conclusions There was a wide range of Aedes albopictus in Nanning,with Aedes mosquito activity all year round. From May to September, dengue fever input and local transmission risks increased, and dengue fever monitoring and early warning should be strengthened to prevent epidemic outbreaks.