广东省部分核医学诊疗工作场所辐射水平及人员受照剂量分析

目的 了解广东省部分临床核医学诊疗工作场所的放射防护状况以及人员受照剂量水平，为寻找其放射性职业病危害的关键控制点提供数据支持。方法 以广东省14家三级甲等综合性医院为研究对象，根据国家相关标准，采用辐射监测方法，对临床核医学工作场所的周围剂量当量率、放射性污染水平及人员受照剂量进行测量和推算。结果 工作场所中¹⁸F合成室操作孔在防护罩打开状态下的周围剂量当量率最高，达到166 μSv/h；放射性药物分装、注射等操作环节手部的剂量率较高，其中在分装柜分装¹⁸F、¹³¹I和⁹⁹Tc^m时可分别高达3720、1220和468.2 μSv/h，在注射台（窗）注射¹⁸F和⁹⁹Tc^m时可分别高达537和882 μSv/h。广州G医院¹⁸F注射室的工作台面β表面污染水平为99.6 Bq/cm²，工作人员手掌部位为1.6 Bq/cm²，超过国家标准限值。核医学工作人员年有效剂量为0.08~5.18 mSv/a。在无防护措施的前提下，分装人员手部的年当量剂量最高，为0.02~390 mSv/a；注射人员次之，为0.57~85.62 mSv/a；而分装、注射时工作人员眼晶体、全身和下腹部的职业照射剂量较低。结论 核医学工作场所的放射防护现况良好；应重视放射工作人员自身防护，熟练操作技能以缩短作业时间，采取合理防护设（措）施以降低辐射剂量。

Analysis of radiation level and exposure dose of personnel in the diagnosis and treatment workplace of nuclear medicine in Guangdong Province

Objective To understand the status of radiation protection at workplace and the level of individual dose in some clinical nuclear medicine departments in Guangdong Province, so as to provide data support for finding the key points to control their occupational hazards.Methods Taking 14 Grade ⅢA hospitals in Guangdong Province as the study objects, the ambient dose equivalent rate, the level of radioactive contamination and the individual dose (H_p(10)) were monitored or estimated according to the relevant national standards.Results A highest ambient dose equivalent rate of 166 μSv/h was found around the operating holes of ¹⁸F synthesis chamber. The dose rates to hands were generally higher during the procedures of packaging and injecting radionuclides. In the packaging procedure, the highest dose rates were 3720 μSv/h, 1220 μSv/h and 468.2 μSv/h for packaging ¹⁸F, ¹³¹I and ⁹⁹Tc^m, respectively; and there were 537 μSv/h and 882 μSv/h for injecting ¹⁸F and ⁹⁹Tc^m. In the ¹⁸F injection room of one hospital, the beta surface contamination were as high as 99.6 Bq/cm² and 1.6 Bq/cm² on the working table and a staff hands, both of them exceeded the national standards. The annual effective dose of nuclear medicine staff ranged from 0.08 mSv to 5.18 mSv. Without protective measures, the annual equivalent dose of hands ranged from 0.02 mSv to 390 mSv and from 0.57 to 85.62 mSv for repacking and injection staff, respectively. However, the exposure to their lens, whole body and abdomens were relatively low.Conclusion Workplace protection in nuclear medicine departments is fairly well, however, the self-protection should be further reminded. Skillful operation can shorten the exposure time, and other reasonable protective measures will reduce the radiation dose.