乙状结肠膀胱扩大成形术治疗氯胺酮所致膀胱挛缩

目的 探讨氯胺酮所致膀胱挛缩的手术治疗方法.方法 吸食氯胺酮导致膀胱挛缩患者25例.均为男性.平均年龄24(19～28)岁.服用氯胺酮时间0.7～4.0年.均有严重的尿频、尿急、尿痛和(或)血尿症状.尿培养阴性.肝肾功能正常.B超检查提示双侧上尿路积水23例,集合系统分离(1.8±0.7)cm.膀胱残余尿22例,残余尿量平均80(45～150)ml.IVU检查提示肾小盏扩大呈圆形、膀胱挛缩呈球形23例.尿动力检查25例,膀胱容量(89±34)ml,储尿期最大逼尿肌压力(48±26)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),最大尿流率(7.8±2.3)ml/s,残余尿量(82±47)ml.膀胱镜下活检均提示为膀胱黏膜炎性改变.停用氯胺酮,系统药物治疗(抗生素、肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂、胆碱能受体阻滞剂、戊聚硫钠和透明质酸钠膀胱灌注治疗)后症状无明显缓解,行乙状结肠膀胱扩大术. 结果25例手术顺利.平均随访18(6～36)个月.尿动力学检查排尿状况明显改善,膀胱容量增至(375±53)ml,储尿期最大逼尿肌压力降至(13±9)cm H2O,最大尿流率增至(17.6±5.8)ml/s,残余尿减少至消失,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).患者排尿通畅有力,无尿失禁、遗尿,尿频、尿痛等症状消失,尿常规检查(-).IVU检查输尿管无反流现象,肾盏无扩张或肾小盏穹窿变钝.结论 乙状结肠膀胱扩大术可降低膀胱内压力,增加膀胱容量及顺应性,明显改善氯胺酮所致膀胱挛缩患者肾积水状况及尿频、尿急、尿痛等症状,提高患者生活质量.

Treatment of contracted bladder from ketamine abuse with sigmoid cystoplasty

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of contracted bladder caused by ketamine abuse. Methods Twenty-five ketamine male abusers were included in this study.The ages were from 19 to 28 years old and mean age was 24 years old.AIl of them had abused ketamine history for 0.7 tO 4.0 years,and presented with severe lower urinary tract symptoms.including severe frequency,urgency,urge incontinence,and painful haematuria.Urine cultures were negative.Hepatic function and renal function were normal.B ultrasound examination of 23 cases demonstrated the presence of bilateral hydronephrosis,the separation of renal pelvic was(1.8±0.7)cm.B ultrasound examination of 22 cases demonstrated residual urine was 45-1 50 ml,mean 80 m1.Twenty-three IVU investigations demonstrated the presence of bilateral hydronephrosis with calyces renales minores cycloidal expansion and bladder contraction.All the patients took the urodynamies with bladder capacity was (89±34)ml,end filling detrusor pressure was(48±26)cm H2O,Qmax was(7.8±2.3)ml/s,residual urine volume was(82±47)m1.All patients had cystoscopies and random biopsies performed showed ulcerative cystitis only.All patients were required to withdraw the narcotics and the experimental medicines were given without symptoms alleviated.Sigmoid cystoplasty was performed in all the 25 patients. Results The mean follow up was 18 months(rang 6 to 36).Compared with that before operation, bladder capacity increased to (375 ±53)ml, end filling detrusor pressure reduced to( 13 ±9)cm H2O, Qmax increased to(17.6±5.8)ml/s, residual urine volume reduced to(20±10)ml.Compared with the preoperative, there were statistically significant differences.There was no complained of urinary incontinence, enuresis, frequency, urgency.Urine routine examination was normal.IVU showed the vesicoureteral reflux disappeared in all patients, and calyces renales no expansion or calyces renales minores light degree expansion.B ultrasound examination that the separation of renal collecting was(1.0 ±0.5)cm. Conclusions Sigmoidcystoplasty could increase bladder capacity and compliance, lower the intravesieal pressure.It could improve the patients' quality of life.