中国人口婚姻挤压状况及对生育保健的挑战

目的分析中国1985-1999年的婚姻挤压方向、程度及变化趋势，为生育保健策略的制定提供依据。方法利用中国2000年第五次人口普查资料，计算男女终身不婚率及婚姻挤压指数。结果中国人口在19851999年15年间一直呈现为男性婚姻挤压，且挤压程度从1991年开始有所升高。结论应重视不能成婚的男性这一弱势群体，开展可行、有效的男性保健；同时，应针对女性开展防范性暴力的健康教育。

Measuring the tightness of marriage squeeze on China population and suggesting the challenges to reproductive health care

Objective To analyze the tightness,direction a ndchange of mrriage squeeze on population during the period of 1985-1999 in Chi na; Methods Using census data of China in 2000,the proporti ons of never-marriage till age 50 for both males and females in each year of 19 85-1999 and the marriage squeeze indexes were calculated. Results There had been of marriage squeeze for males in China and the tightness had become stronger since 1991.The main explanation to the stronger tightness w as a decline of births during 1970 s.When the generations born in 1990 s,which w ere with unusual higher sex-ratio at birth and abnormal lowbr sex-ratio at dea th of children, as well as a decline of births,go into marriage ages,the extent of marriage squeeze on males would become further serious. Conclusion The results suggest there would be urgent needs of reproductive health services for non-marriage males,as well as preventive m easures on sex violence for females.