Cardiovascular anomalies associated with tetralogy of Fallot |
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| Authors: | G I Nagao G I Daoud A J McAdams D C Schwartz S Kaplan |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Interventional Pediatric Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Ward Family Heart Center, Children''s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States;2. Interventional Pediatric Cardiology, ICU Cardiology Consult Service, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Ward Family Heart Center, Children''s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States;3. Pediatric and Fetal Echocardiography, Cardiac High Acuity Monitoring Program (CHAMP), University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Ward Family Heart Center, Children''s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States |
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| Abstract: | Cardiovascular anomalies associated with tetralogy of Fallot in 161 patients are reported. Eighty-four associated anomalies were identified in 61 patients. The difficulty of clinical recognition of many of the 20 different defects is stressed. Patent foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus occurred frequently, especially during infancy. The common anomalies of the systemic veins and arteries included persistent left superior vena cava, aberrant left subclavian artery and congenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries. Pulmonary valvular and arterial abnormalities were common, including absence of the pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery branch stenosis and absence or hypoplasia of the left pulmonary artery. Secundum atrial septal defects were identified in 5 patients.The surgical implications of these anomalies are discussed. |
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