我国妊娠期妇女营养摄入状况的研究进展

妊娠期是对营养要求最为敏感的时期,妊娠期营养不良或营养过剩的妇女,可能出现孕妇和胎儿营养缺乏及某些并发症。目前国内孕妇营养摄入的现状:蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物三大供能物质摄入比例失衡;矿物质中铁摄入量普遍不足,钙摄入量在推荐摄入量的50%以下,有1/4的孕妇锌摄入量不足,碘摄入情况各地报道不一;维生素C、维生素E及维生素A摄入量满足营养需求,维生素B1、维生素B2摄入量低于或接近推荐摄入量60%,围孕期叶酸服用率仅为3.3%。妊娠期的营养状况关系到两代人的健康,妊娠期妇女是迫切需要营养干预的人群,应提倡并加强妊娠期妇女及其家属营养知识的健康教育。

Research progress of the nutritional intake status among pregnant women

The pregnant women were sensitive to nutrition. The women with malnutrition or nutrition excess would cause nutritional deficiency or other complications of their fetuses and themselves. The present nutritional problems of pregnant women in our country were the imbalance intake of three substances to supply energy and the inadequate intake of some minerals and vitamins. In minerals, iron intake was of shortage generally, and calcium intake was less than 50% of the recommended dose, and 1/4 of pregnant women didnt intake enough zinc,while iodine intake varied in all reports. In vitamins,the intakes of vitamin C,vitamin E and vitamin A were enough to meet the needs,and vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 intakes were less than or near 60% of the recommended doses,and the ratio of women taking folic acid during pregnancy was only 3.3 %. The nutritional status of pregnant women is related with the health of two generations, so pregnant women urgently need nutrition interventions. The health education of nutrition knowledge should be advocated among pregnant women and their relatives.