胆管支气管瘘29例临床分析

目的 总结胆管支气管瘘(bronchobiliary fistula,BBF)的病因、病理及诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1976-2009年收治的29例BBF患者的临床资料.结果 29例患者均有腹痛、寒战发热、黄疸、肝肿大;胸闷、咳嗽并咯血及咯胆汁痰,量为100～200 ml/d;右下肺闻及湿性啰音或呼吸音减弱或消失.29例患者先后选择胸部X线片或腹部X线片、A型超声、BUS、CT或PTC、MRCP、ERCP等诊断措施.29例患者均采用手术治疗,术式分别为胆总管切开取石、T型管引流术及膈下或肝脓肿引流、瘘管切除或膈肌瘘口修补术19例(其中2例同时行肝右后叶不规则切除术);胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石、T型管引流、膈下脓肿引流及膈肌瘘口修补术3例;胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例;肝外伤性膈下脓肿引流术,胆总管切开、T型管引流术3例;单纯行膈下脓肿引流及胆总管切开及T型管引流术2例;Oddi括约肌狭窄行肝脓肿切开引流及膈肌瘘口修补术并行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例.手术治愈26例;死亡3例.结论BBF来自肝胆管梗阻和感染导致胆源性肝脓肿及肺脓肿,手术解除梗阻、去除病灶、通畅引流是治愈BBF的关键措施.

Clinical analysis of bronchobiliary fistula: a report of 29 cases

Objective To summarize the etiology,pathological mechanism, and the experience of diagnosis and treatment of bronchobiliary fistula (BBF). Methods Clinical data of 29 BBF patients admitted and operated on from 1976 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Clinical menifestation included abdominal pain, chill and high fever,jaundice, hepatomegaly, chest distress, cough, hemoptysis,bilious cough, moist rale in the lower right lung or decreased or disapeared breath sound. Abdominal radiograph, chest X-ray, BUS, CT, PTC, MRCP and ERCP are helpful for localizing diagnosis. All the 29patients were surgically treated. 19 patients were treated by choledochotomy to extract common bile duct stones, T-tube drainage, liver abscess drainage, fistula excision and diaphragmatic repair. Three patients were treated by cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and T-tube drainage. One patient underwent cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy. Three patients received liver abscess drainage, choledochotomy, T-tube drainage. 2 patients did subphrenic abscess drainage,choledochotomy, T-tube drainage. One patient complicating Oddi sphincter stenosis received liver abscess drainage, diaphragmatic repair, and Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy. 26 patients were cured. 3 patients died.Conclusions The etiology of BBF is obstruction related bilious tract infection leading to liver abcess and lung abscess. In the process of surgical treatment, relief of bilious tract obstruction, clearance of focal lesion and effective drainage of biliary tract are the mainstay of management.