下颌后静脉的应用解剖分析

目的研究下颌后静脉的解剖学特点,为避免下颌角截骨术中因血管损伤而出血提供解剖学依据。方法选取30具经过甲醛溶液固定的成年人尸体作为解剖对象。对其下颌后静脉的解剖位置、组成、回流以及和周围组织的毗邻关系进行研究。结果大部分的下颌后静脉（91.38%）是由上颌静脉以及颞前静脉合成,其与下颌角的关系主要以紧密结合型为主（70.69%）,其起始部位的外径为（5.62±2.58）mm,长度为（43.93±21.18）mm,在下颌支的后缘周围静脉的长度为（41.94±7.79）mm,在下颌体的下缘周围静脉的长度为（19.87±3.68）mm。结论下颌后静脉是管壁较薄、管径较大的血管,在下颌角截骨术中容易被破损。因此,在手术中必须熟悉其解剖结构,术中仔细操作,避免伤及下颌后静脉。

Applied Anatomical Analysis of Retromandibular Vein

Objective To observe anatomy of the retromandibular vein, so as to avoid vascular injury and bleeding in the mandible angle osteotomy. Methods A total of 30 adults cadavers with formaldehyde solution-rixed was se- lected,and the relationship or the retromandibular vein anatomical location,composition , return ,and surrounding tis- sue of the adjacent was observed . Results Most of retromandibular veins（91.38%）were composed of the maxillary vein and superficial temporal vein synthesis ,which tightly combined with the mandibular angle （mainly, 70. 69 %）, and the primary location for the outer dimeter was （5.62 ± 20.58）mm, the length was （43.93 ± 21.18）mm, the length of Ramus posterior peripheral vein was（41.94±7.79）mm,the length of the lower edge of a peripheral vein of mandibular ramus was（19.87±3.68）mm. Conclusion The retromandibular vein is a vein with pipe wall and large diameter, and it is easily injured in the mandible angle osteotomy,so we should be familiar with its anatomical struc- ture, carefully avoid injury to the retromandibular vein.