下颌骨骨压缩后下牙槽神经组织学变化的研究

目的观察下颌骨骨压缩前后下牙槽神经的组织学变化。方法北京本地犬8只，将其分成4组，每组2只。将钛合金骨压缩器植入实验犬右侧下颌骨体部，以1.0 mm/3 d的频率缩短骨压缩器，总共缩短5.0 mm。在实验后的第1天、第15天、第45天和第90天时分别处死4组动物，取压缩区域的下牙槽神经常规苏木精- 伊红染色，观察神经纤维的组织学变化。结果①骨压缩后第1天，神经纤维大量的退行性变，大量轴突肿胀，神经轴稀疏，连续性中断，较多神经纤维的髓鞘消失；②骨压缩后第15天、45天，神经纤维仍旧有脱髓鞘的现象，可以看到雪旺细胞，神经纤维的连续性逐渐恢复；③骨压缩后第90天，神经纤维均匀分布，神经纤维脱髓鞘的现象少见，轴突平行排列，密度均匀，神经束形态完整，与正常的神经结构类似。结论骨压缩可以对下牙槽神经的组织结构造成改变，但是这种损伤是暂时的、可逆的，随着时间的推移，损伤神经组织可以恢复接近正常。

Histological Changes of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve after Osteocompression on Dog's Mandible

OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphologic changes of inferior alveolar nerve before and after osteocompression on dog's mandible. METHODS: 8 dogs were selected and divided into 4 groups, 2 dogs per group. The osteocompressor was fixed on the right buccal side of the mandibule. Crew the compressor to compress the mandible 1.0 mm per 3 days for totally 15 days. On the 1st day, 15th day, 45th day and 90th day after osteocompression, the dogs of different groups were killed respectively. Get the inferior alveolar nerve and HE staining was carried on. RESULTS: (1) On the 1st, 15th and 45th day after osteocompression, the fiber of the inferior alveolar nerve was obviously injured. (2) On the 90th day after osteocompression, the injured nerve was almost recovered to normal. CONCLUSION: The osteocompression could cause temporary injury on the inferior alveolar nerve, but the injury was reversible and might recovere by times after osteocompression.