社区空巢老人的心理健康和社会支持的研究

目的:探讨社区空巢老人的心理健康和社会支持情况及两者之间的关系。方法:使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持量表(SSRS)和自制量表分别对社区101名非空巢老人(A组)和95名空巢老人(其中50名夫妇同住者为B组,45名独居老人为C组)进行调查,并将评定结果进行对比分析。结果:①SCL-90:A组和B组之间总分和各因子分无显著差异(P>0.05),C组的总分和各因子分显著高于B组和A组;②B组和C组的主观支持、客观支持、利用度和总分均低于A组(P<0.05),B组的客观支持和利用度低于C组,差异均有显著统计学意义;③相关性:空巢老人的主观支持和利用度与SCL-90存在负相关。结论:独居空巢老人的心理健康水平较低,主观社会支持及利用度与心理健康水平之间有一定的相关性。

Mental health status of elderly empty nesters in communities and the social support policies

Objective:To explore the mental health status of the elderly empty nesters on a basis of the communities and the essentiality of social support for this population.Methods:The psychological state was assessed by symptom check list-90(SCL-90),social support rating scales(SSRS)and self-programmed rating scales concerning the social support network in 101 elderly non-empty nesters(group A),50 aged empty-nest couples(group B)and 45 single elderlies(group C),with assessment and analysis of the results.Results:①SCL-90 suggested that there were no significant differences between group A and group B(P>0.05),but the total score and involved factor scores in group C were higher as compared with group A and B.② Group B and C scored lower with regard to the items of active support,objective support and availability of social support than did group A.In addition,group B scored lower than did group C in objective support and availability of social support,which was significantly different in statistics(P<0.05).③Correlation test showed that the active support offered to the elderly empty nesters and availability of the social support were in negative relation to the estimation by SCL-90.Conclusion:The elderly empty nesters bereft of his or her spouse seem to experience poorer mental health,and the findings also suggest that maintenance of the mental health status relies on the active support from societies and availability of the supports to a certain degree.