Heparinoids algal and their anticoagulant, hemorrhagic activities and platelet aggregation

Polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae represent a source of marine compounds with potential applications in medicine. Heparin-like compounds, fucoidans, have been proposed as alternatives to the anticoagulant heparin, which is prepared from mucous membrane of mammals. In this study, the activity of anticoagulant in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) tests was assessed in the fucoidan (TF), from seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, partially desulfated fucoidans (PDF), desulfated fucoidans (DF) and purified fractions F1, F2 and F3 in acetone. Studies were also conducted to assess these polysaccharides for platelet aggregation and hemorrhagic activity. The APTT test showed high activity at 5 μg (≥240 s) for TF, F1 and F2 (P < 0.001). PT test showed high anticoagulant activity at 50 μg (≥120 s) for F1 (P < 0.001). Fraction F3, with low MW (15.2 kDa) and sulfate content (26.1%), had little effect in these two in vitro tests (P < 0.001). These compounds demonstrated a two-phase response to platelet aggregation at 50 μg/mL. However, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, a hypoaggregate profile was observed for all fractions tested (P < 0.001). The analysis showed that fucoidans irreversibly induced platelet aggregation in high concentration. These polymers have low hemorrhagic effect when compared to heparin.