循证制定灾后孕妇医疗保健及医疗救助模式初探

目的循证评价世界范围内的灾后孕妇医疗保健措施及医疗救助模式，为进一步完善我国灾后孕妇管理措施提供决策依据。方法检索Cochrane图书馆（2008年第2期）、MEDLINE光盘数据库（1966～2008．6）、EMbase数据库（1984～2008．6）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（1989～2008年6月）、中国生物医学文献光盘数据库（1978～2008．6）、万方数据库（1997～2008．6）、中国学术期刊全文数据库（1994～2008．6），手工检索《中华妇产科杂志》等杂志，筛选截至2008年6月20日的关于灾后孕妇医疗保健的文献和指南，评定文献质量，并进行综合分析。结果初检出文献293篇，按照纳入与排除标准，最终纳入25篇，其中指南5篇，主要涉及灾后妊娠结局、胎儿生长发育和孕妇外伤急救三方面。综合数据库文献及官方网站信息发现，现有文献以回顾性分析和队列研究为主，与灾难相关的孕妇医疗保健研究较少，尚无灾后孕产妇急救流程的相关指南，这与灾难的突发性、罕见性和复杂性相关。结论灾后孕妇医疗保健及医疗救助是一个系统工程，需要国家综合考虑孕妇需求、疾病负担等因素，统筹规划、总体设计。

A Pilot Study on Evidence-Based Pograms for Pregnant Women after Calamity

Objective To provide evidence for establishing a health care system for pregnant women after disasters by evidence-based evaluation on the comparison of programs in different countries of the world. Methods We electronically searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2008), MEDLINE (1966 to June 2008), EMbase (1984 to June 2008), VIP ( 1989 to June 2008), CBM ( 1978 to June 2008), Wangfang database (1997 to June 2008), CNKI (1994 to June 2008) and handsearched Journals such as Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology to identify literatures and guidelines on pregnant women healthy care system after calamity. The quality of literatures and guidelines was assessed. Results A total of 293 studies were searched, of which 25 studies were identified with the focuses on the consequence of pregnancy, development of fetus and first-aid of injuries of pregnant women. We found the studies on pregnant women's health care were limited, and most of them were retrospective and cohort studies, which was related to the paroxysmality, rarity and complexity of the disaster. Conclusions The high proportion of pregnant women among displaced persons underscores the importance of examining how behavioral changes and difficulties in access to health care influencing the maternal and infant health, which needs comprehensive planning and arrangement.