中药外敷治疗哮喘的血清药理学实验研究

目的:通过血清药理学方法,观察敷贴后含药血清对抗由氯化乙酰胆碱(acetylcholinechloride,Ach)引起的豚鼠体外螺旋气管条的收缩作用,来探讨中药循经敷贴治疗哮喘的作用机制和预防机制,并对药物作用进行时效分析。方法:用Hutson法复制豚鼠哮喘模型,诱喘后中药敷贴组每日用中药敷贴60min;生理盐水敷贴组采用生理盐水浸润纱布敷贴,氨茶碱敷贴组用400mg/kg体质量剂量的氨茶碱溶液浸润纱布进行敷贴,两组敷贴方法同中药组;氨茶碱腹腔注射组按400mg/kg直接腹腔注射氨茶碱。正常对照组自然喂养7d,中药敷贴组分别敷药1、7和14d,生理盐水敷贴组、氨茶碱敷贴组和氨茶碱腹腔注射组治疗7d,末次给药1h后处死动物,取血清。用血清药理学方法,做血清对豚鼠体外气管条收缩影响的实验,分别计算收缩百分比。结果:中药敷贴治疗后的含药血清可对抗经过Ach处理后的豚鼠体外气管条的收缩,效果与氨茶碱腹腔注射作用等同。在一定时间内,体外气管条的收缩百分比随中药敷贴治疗天数的延长而减少,但治疗7~14d其作用趋于稳定。预先用含药血清处理豚鼠离体气管条,也能显著减轻Ach刺激引起的气管收缩。结论:对抗Ach而起到解痉作用是中药循经敷贴法治疗哮喘的机制之一,并有一定的时效关系;同时,中药循经敷贴法可能具有预防哮喘的作用。

An experimental serum pharmacological study on an application method in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment and prevention of asthma

Objective: To study the mechanism of herbal application along meridians for treatment and prevention of asthma by using serum pharmacological test to observe the effects of serum containing herbs against the constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by acetylcholine chloride (Ach). Methods: Guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group, normal saline (NS) application group, aminophylline application group, aminophylline injection group, 1-day herb application group, 7-day herb application group and 14-day herb application group. Asthma was induced by Hutson's method in guinea pigs except the normal control group. Guinea pigs in herb application groups were treated by external application of a compound herbal medicine 60 min once every day. Guinea pigs in NS application group were treated by external application of NS. Guinea pigs in the two aminophylline-treated groups were treated by external application and intraperitoneal injection of aminophylline at a dose of 400 mg/kg, respectively. The guinea pigs were killed and the sera were obtained after 1-day, 7-day and 14-day treatment in the three herb application groups, 7-day treatment in the NS application group, the aminophylline application and injection groups, respectively. Serum pharmacological method was used to do the experiment, the effects of different sera on the constriction of tracheal strips were observed, and the constriction rates were calculated. Result: The serum containing herbs had an effect in reducing the constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by Ach, and the effect was similar to that of the serum obtained from the aminophylline injection group. The constriction rate of the tracheal spiral strips was decreased when herbal application treatment was prolonged within a period of time, and it became stable when herbal application treatment was between 7-14 days. The constriction of tracheal spiral strips induced by Ach could be reduced remarkably when it was previously treated by serum containing herbs. Conclusion: The anti-acetylcholine function with a time-dependent effect is one of the mechanisms of herbal application treatment along meridians for asthma, and furthermore, herbal application treatment along meridians might be useful for preventing asthma.