急性肺栓塞介入治疗的临床研究

目的　评价介入方法治疗肺栓塞的疗效。方法　 18例临床高度怀疑肺栓塞患者经急诊肺动脉造影确诊后 ,立即采取选择性肺动脉插管溶栓、吸栓、碎栓 ,解痉、球囊扩张治疗。疗效评价指标为肺动脉楔压、肺动脉开通率、远端肺血管网显示率、血气分析、血氧饱和度、临床症状、体征改善情况 ,其中 17例明确为下肢深静脉血栓脱落所致者 ,放置下腔静脉滤器后再行下肢深静脉溶栓治疗。结果　18例肺动脉造影全部为肺动脉主干或 2个以上分支栓塞 ,介入治疗后 3例肺动脉开通率 80 %～ 90 % ,11例为 90 %～ 95 % ,4例完全开通。远端肺血管网显示率全部在 90 %以上 ,13例肺动脉楔压下降至 2 5mmHg以下 ,5例下降至 2 5～ 30mmHg :血氧饱和度立即改善 ,10例恢复至 90 %～ 95 % ,8例为 95 %～10 0 % ,6例PaO2 为 90～ 95mmHg ,12例 >95mmHg。 13例咳嗽、咯血、呼吸困难、胸痛完全消失 ,5例明显减轻。并发消化道出血 1例。结论　肺动脉造影是肺栓塞诊断的金标准 ,介入治疗对急性大面积肺栓塞具有显著疗效 ,明显降低死亡率

A clinical study on the interventional treatment of acute pulmonary embolism

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of interventional procedures in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism(PE). Methods Pulmonary arterial thrombolytic therapy, suction and fragmentation of thromhi, anti-spasm, and balloon dilation were performed in eighteen cases with clinically highly suspected PE confirmed by emergent pulmonary artery angiography beforehand. Wedged pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary recanalization rate, the display ratio of distal pulmonary capillary net, blood gas analysis, blood oxygen saturation, and the improvement of clinical symptoms and signs were used for evaluation of the effectiveness. Seventeen of the alive cases with dislodgement of deep vein thrombi of the lower extremities were confirmed for the formation of PE and then thrombolytic treatment of the thrombotic deep vein was performed after the placement of inferior vena cava filter. Results Pulmanory artery angiographies showed embolism of the pulmonary arterial trunks or more than two of the branches. The post-treatment pulmonary patency reached 80%-90% in three cases, 90%-95% in eleven cases and 100% in five cases. The display ratio of distal pulmonary capillary net was over 90% in all the cases. Wedged pulmonary arterial pressure decreased to below 25 mmHg in thirteen cases, and to 25-30 mmHg in five cases. Blood oxygen saturation rate improved immediately to 90%-95% in ten cases and to 95%-100% in eight cases. Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain were completely relieved in thirteen cases and significantly relieved in five cases. Digestive track bleeding was complicated in one case. Conclusions Pulmonary artery angiography is the golden standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Interventional therapy is very effective for acute pulmonary embolism, which can significantly reduce the mortality rate.