组织工程化韧带在前交叉韧带运动损伤修复中的作用

背景：交叉韧带是膝关节内的核心性稳定结构,具有制导膝关节生理活动并限制非生理性活动的功能,其中前交叉韧带的作用更为重要,其损伤的治疗已成为目前运动医学研究的热点。目的：探讨前交叉韧带生理功能、损伤机制,综述其修复过程中组织工程化材料的研究成果。方法：应用计算机检索1990-01/2011-02PubMed数据库及维普数据库有关前交叉韧带组织工程研究进展、肌腱支架材料生物力学分析、生物材料在肌腱组织工程中应用及组织工程技术在修复肌腱缺损临床应用方面的相关文献,英文检索词＂anterior cruciate ligament,biological materials,damage,treatment＂,中文检索词＂前交叉韧带,生物材料,损伤,治疗＂,检索文献量总计102篇。结果与结论：前交叉韧带损伤后组织工程化康复措施得到了较快发展,从材料的选择来看,单一移植材料难免会存在诸多不足,不利于韧带的康复,复合材料可以结合不同材料的特性对韧带组织工程化材料进行配置,可以弥补单一材料的生物相容性、降解速度、生物力学性能、材料的韧性等不足,另外,对组织工程化材料进行功能结构加工也是尤为重要,这样可以更大程度的为细胞提供吸附、成长和分化的良好环境。同时,基因技术的进步以及各种新型材料的研制,必将在更大程度上满足前交叉韧带康复的需要。

Tissue engineered ligament in repair of sports-induced anterior cruciate ligament injury

BACKGROUND：Cruciate ligaments are the core of the knee joint,which can guide physical activity and limit non-physiological functions of the joint.The anterior cruciate ligament is especially important,and anterior cruciate ligament injury has become the hotspot in sports medicine.OBJECTIVE：To investigate the achievements on the physiological functions,injury mechanism and tissue-engineered materials used in the repair of anterior cruciate ligament.MEHTODS：A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed and VIP databases for articles published from January 1990 to February 2011 related to tissue engineering progress in anterior cruciate ligament,biomechanical analysis of tendon scaffold,biomaterials for tendon tissue engineering and tissue engineering technology in tendon repair.The Key words were＂anterior cruciate ligament,biological materials,damage,treatment＂in Chinese and English.102 articles were retrieved.REUSLTS AND CONCLUSION：Tissue engineering rehabilitation measures for anterior cruciate ligament injury have developed greatly.However,from the view of material selection,single graft materials with many deficiencies are not conductive to ligament rehabilitation.Composite materials can make up the deficiencies of single materials in biocompatibility,degradation rate,biomechanical properties,and lack of toughness.In addition,functional and structural processing of tissue engineering materials is necessary,which can provide a good environment for cell adherence,growth and differentiation.Meanwhile,advances in genetic technology and new materials can meet the need for rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament to a greater extent.