成骨细胞和骨细胞的力学信号转导

背景：骨骼具有功能适应性的特点,骨骼细胞是力学信号敏感细胞,但细胞的力学信号转导功能是如何实现的,对骨骼如何调控仍不明确。目的：了解成骨细胞和骨细胞的力学信号转导途径,为利用力学信号改善骨骼功能提供理论依据。方法：应用计算机检索PubMed数据库2000-01/2011-03相关文献。英文检索词为＂osteoblast,osteocyte,bonecells,mechanical stress＂,根据纳入标准共69篇文章进行综述,以此对骨骼细胞力学信号转导相关内容进行总结。结果与结论：骨骼具有功能适应性的特点,骨骼细胞是力学信号敏感细胞,但细胞的力学信号转导功能是如何实现的,对骨骼具有怎样的调控仍不明确。研究表明,由于骨骼的结构特点和细胞位置,成骨细胞和骨细胞是最重要的力学敏感性细胞。力学信号在骨骼内的转导过程分为4个阶段：①力学偶联。②生化偶联。③信号的传递。④效应性细胞的反应。通过这4个阶段的作用,作用在骨骼上的应力信号转导为生物化学信号,并影响细胞的功能,最终导致骨骼组织出现相应的结构变化以适应应力环境的需要。对于力学信号在骨髓间充质干细胞中的调控机制还有待继续深入探索。

Mechanotransduction in osteoblast and osteocyte regulation

BACKGROUND：One of the basic functions of bone is its adaptation to mechanical loading environment.Bone cells are the mechanosensitive cells in bone tissue.However,the mechanisms by which mechanical signals are transduced to chemical signals that influence bone growth and metabolism remain unidentified. OBJECTIVE：To understand the mechanotransduction pathways in osteoblasts and osteocytes,and to provide a theoretical basis for further study. METHODS：PubMed database was retrieved by computer with key words of ＂osteoblast,osteocyte,bone cells,mechanical stress＂.According to inclusion criteria,69 articles were included to summarize the transduction of mechanical signals of bone cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：One of the basic functions of bone is its adaptation to mechanical loading environment.Bone cells are mechanosensitive cells.However,how the transduction of mechanical signals of cells realizes and how regulates skeleton remain poorly understood.Studies confirmed that due to the construction features and cell location of skeleton,osteoblasts and osteocytes are the most important mechanosensitive cells in bone tissue.The process of mechanotransduction can be divided into four distinct steps：① mechanocoupling;② biochemical coupling;③ signal transmission;④ effector response of bone cells.Through these four steps,the loads acting on the bones are transduced into biochemical signals,and then change the function of bone cells,finally induce the changes of bone structures to adapt the mechanical environment.The regulatory mechanisms of mechanical signals in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells require further investigation.