学龄前儿童气质与行为的相关性研究

目的：探讨儿童气质与行为的相关性，预防儿童行为问题的发生。方法：采用分层整群抽样法，用NYLS《3－7岁儿童气质质量表》家长评定问卷（PTQ），日本S－M社会适应能力量表，Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL），父母养育方式评定量表（EMBU），家庭环境量表中文版（FES－CV）和艾森格人格问卷（成人）对杭州市542例3－6岁入托儿童进行调查。结果：不同气质儿童社会适应能力无差异。启动缓慢型行为问题发生率最高18．18％，难养型12．07％，易养型8．57％。分裂强迫发生率各气质类型有明显差异（P＝0．0003），启动缓慢型最高21．7％，其次为难养型11．4％。不同气质维度与行为存在一定的相关性。逐步回归分析，影响儿童行为的主要因素是家庭环境和父母养育方式。结论：启动缓慢型、难养型儿童易发生行为问题，但起主要作用的因素是家庭环境和父母养育方式，应重视此类儿童的教育及改善家庭环境。

Relative Analysis of Temperament and Behavior in Preschool Children.

To study the relation between temperament and behavior thereby to prevent behavior problems in preschool children. The parent temperament questionnaire(PTQ),S M social adaptive behavior and achenbach's child behavior checklist for parents(CBCL),Egna Minnen av Barndosnau Upfortran(EMBU),family environment scale manual(Chineseversion)(FES CV),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) was used.542 preschool children from six kindergartens in Hangzhou were investigated by radomn cluster sampling. The social adaptibility among different temperament types was no difference.The incidence of behavioral problems was no significant difference among different temperament types.Slow to warm up was 18.18%,Difficulty 12.07%,Easy 8.57%,Itermediate high 6.82%,Itermediate low 6.4%.Theincidence of slitting was significant difference( P =0.000 3).Slow to warm up type(21.7%) is highest.Diffucult type(11.4%) is next.The dimension of different temperament correlated with behavior.Stepwise regression analysis indicated major influence factors of behavior problem were punishment,cohesion,mother's N score,independent and overprotection. [Conclusions] Slow to warm up and Difficult types easy take place behavoiral problems,but main influence factors are parental rearing pattens and family environmet.