常春藤皂苷元的研究进展

常春藤皂苷元(hederagenin)是一种从植物中分离得到的五环三萜类化合物,广泛分布于多种药用植物中,是许多天然产物的主要活性成分。通过整合及分析国内外相关文献,综述了常春藤皂苷元的资源分布、结构修饰及药理作用的最新研究进展,为深入研究常春藤皂苷元的结构修饰及药理作用提供参考依据。研究表明,常春藤皂苷元广泛分布于川续断科、忍冬科、毛茛科、五加科及败酱科等多种药用植物中,自然界中资源较为丰富。常春藤皂苷元具有溶解性差、生物利用度低、口服给药效果差等特点,从而使常春藤皂苷元的临床应用受到限制,为此国内外学者对其进行结构修饰,目前对常春藤皂苷元的结构修饰主要发生在其C-28位,C-3位,C-23位,C-12位,C-13位上,其中C-28位的结构修饰相对较多。药理活性研究表明,常春藤皂苷元具有抗肿瘤、抗抑郁、抗菌抗炎、抗糖尿病等多种药理作用,但是其相关作用机制尚缺乏深入研究。通过对常春藤皂苷元的资源分布、结构修饰及药理作用的系统综述,可以为常春藤皂苷元的深入研究提供参考,为常春藤皂苷元及其衍生物安全有效的应用于临床提供科学依据。

Research Progress of Hederagenin

Hederagenin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from plants. It is widely distributed in a variety of medicinal plants and is the main active ingredient of many natural products. The latest research progress on resource distribution, structural modification and pharmacological action of saponins of hederagenin was reviewed by integrating and analyzing the related literature at home and abroad, which provided the reference for further study on the structural modification and pharmacological action of hederagenin. Studies have shown that hederagenin is widely distributed in Dipsacaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Araliaceae, Patrinia and other medicinal plants, rich in the natural resources. Hederagenin has a poor solubility, low bioavailability, poor oral administration effects and other characteristics, so that the clinical application of hederagenin is limited. Therefore, domestic and foreign scholars have made structural modifications which mainly occur in its C-28 position, C-3 position, C-23 position, C-12 position and C-13 position. The structural modification is more in C-28 position. Pharmacological activity studies have shown that hederagenin has anti-tumor, anti-depression, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes and other pharmacological effects, but its related mechanism is still lack of in-depth study. Through the systematic review of the resource distribution, structural modification and pharmacological action of the hederagenin, it can provide a reference for the deep research of hederagenin and provide a scientific basis for the safe and effective application of hederagenin and its derivatives.